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4 protocols using 6 hydroxycoumarin

1

Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Coumarins

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All commercial coumarins (1,2-Benzopyrone 1; 3-Hydroxycoumarin 2; 4-Hydroxycoumarin 3; 6-Hydroxycoumarin 4; 7-Hydroxycoumarin 5; 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin 6; Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid 7; 3,3′-Methylene-bis-(4-Hydroxycoumarin) 8; 6-Methoxy-7-Hydroxycoumarin 9; and 7,8-Dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin 10), reagents, and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seelze, Germany) and used without further purification. Norfloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., USA, and their stock solutions were then prepared [15 ]. Compounds 1122 were synthesized according to previously reported procedures [12 (link)]. The stock solutions of coumarin derivatives 122 were prepared in DMSO. The highest concentration remaining after broth dilution (4%) did not inhibit bacterial growth, and a positive control with only DMSO 4% was tested and showed no interference with bacterial growth (data not shown).
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2

Biomaterial Synthesis and Characterization

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Gliadin from wheat, ethyl alcohol, 6-hydroxy coumarin, and trehalose dihydrate (anhydrous) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). Sodium hydroxide, citric acid, sodium citrate, Pluronic F-127, a BCA assay kit (Pierce, Thermo Scientific, Chicago, IL, USA), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s media (DMEM, GIBCO®), fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals Inc., Lawrenceville, GA, USA), and penicillin/streptomycin (GIBCO™) were from Fisher Scientific Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). FITC tagged IgG was from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Mouse IgG was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Green fluorescent non-functionalized polystyrene particles were from Polyscience Inc. (Washington, PA, USA). Ficoll–Paque™ was purchased from GE health care (Piscataway, NJ, USA). All the other chemicals and solvents were analytical grade from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxycoumarin Compounds

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Coumarin (99%),
7-hydroxyCoumarin (99%), 6-hydroxyCoumarin (96%), 4-hydroxyCoumarin,
3-hydroxyCoumarin (98%), and potassium phosphate solutions (1.0 M)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. 8-HydroxyCoumarin was obtained
from MedChemExpress. 5-HydroxyCoumarin was synthesized with slight
modification according to a method by Adams and Bockstahler (1952).39 (link) The Aeroxide P25 photocatalyst was purchased
from Evonik Degussa, Germany. Methanol (≥99.9%), acetonitrile
(≥99.9%) formic acid, and acetic acid (≥99.8%) were
of HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Millipore water (18
MΩ cm) was used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions.
All chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade and used as received.
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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The analytical grade standards used with 95% purity were (+)-catechin, 3-acetyl coumarin, 3 , 6 -d i h y d r o x y f l a v o n e , 4 -h y d r o x y c o u m a r i n , 6-hydroxycoumarin, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, chrysin, fisetin, galangin, gallic acid, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, quercitrin, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, rutin, trans-cinnamic acid and vanillic acid obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Caffeic and ferulic acids were obtained from Fluka Analytical (Buchs, Switzerland).
Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q Synergy UV system (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were obtained from Panreac (Castellar del Vallès, Spain). Acetic acid was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of the standards (1000 mg L -1 ) were prepared by the dissolution of appropriate amounts of substances in LC-MS grade methanol. All the solutions were stored in amber glass flasks at -30 °C until used. Working solutions of the standards were prepared by the dilution of the stock solutions according to the desired concentrations (Faccin et al., 2016) .
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