General ophthalmic examinations were performed by a trained ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic of Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University. Intraocular pressure was measured by a noncontact pneumotonometer (TX-F, Canon, Tokyo, Japan). Corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and axial length were measured without contact according to standard operating procedures (IOLMaster 1322-734, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Patients' refractive corrections were determined by both objective and subjective refractions (Feng CL, Zhang CH).
Iol master 1322 734
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany
The IOL-master 1322–734 is an optical biometry device used to measure the axial length of the eye. It utilizes optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) technology to provide highly accurate measurements for various ophthalmic applications.
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4 protocols using iol master 1322 734
1
Comprehensive Ophthalmic Examinations
2
Comprehensive Ophthalmic and Physical Evaluation
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Any abnormality of anterior segment (any abnormalities of the anterior segment of the eye, such as corneal leukoplakia, cataract, pupil abnormalities, iris anterior adhesion, etc.) was observed and recorded using a slit-lamp (YZ5J, 66 Vision Tech Co, Suzhou, China). Cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction was measured using an autorefractor (HRK7000 A, Huvitz, Gunpo, South Korea) with three readings taken and averaged. An optical coherence biometry (IOL-master 1322–734, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) was applied to evaluate the optical axial length (AL) value along the visual axis (line connecting the fixation point to the fovea, specifically from the anterior surface of the cornea to the retinal pigment epithelium layer of the fovea), with five repeated measurements taken and averaged. Height and weight were measured using an automatic and professional integrated set. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2). Waist circumference was measured with a tape measure and was defined as the narrowest part of the student’s trunk. Birth information including gestational weeks, birth weight and birth length were collected by administrating questionnaires to the participating students’ parents.
3
Comprehensive Pediatric Ophthalmic Evaluation
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Each child received routine ophthalmic examinations on the follow-up visits. Uncooperative children were examined under hypnotic state induced by oral chloral hydrate (10%; 50 mg/kg). Cover test was applied for detecting the presence of strabismus. AL was measured 5 times for each eye with a partial coherence laser interferometry (IOL master 1322-734, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and mean was automatically calculated. Tropicamide phenylephrine eye drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Japan) were given three times at ten-minute intervals for cycloplegia. Retinoscopy was then performed to assess the presence of refractive error. Simultaneous perception (anaglyph, red/blue glasses) and BSCDVA (manifest refraction) were evaluated except on the initial visit of 2 children and on the final visit of 1 child because of non-cooperation. Anterior segment and fundus were examined by slit lamp-microscopes and direct ophthalmoscopy. Additionally, a non-mydriatic retinal camera (TRC-NW300, Topcon Co., Japan), a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT, RTVue100-2, Optovue Inc., USA) and an auto keratometry (ARK-700A, NIDEK Co., Ltd, Japan) were used on the final visit to detect the lesion areas, assess the macular thickness (MM6 map program) and evaluate the corneal curvature.
4
Anterior Segment Characteristics and Vault Monitoring for ICL Surgery
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All patients underwent an ophthalmic examination before the operation, including uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, autorefraction, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure assessment (Canon Full Auto Tonometer TX-F; Canon, Tokyo, Japan), slit lamp examination and funduscopic examinations. Anterior segment parameters, including steepest meridian keratometry (K1), flattest meridian keratometry (K2), ACD, anterior chamber angle (ACA), pupil size, CT and WTW, were obtained by using an anterior segment analyzer (Pentacam HR, OCULUS; Wetzlar, Germany). Axial length (AL) was measured using laser-assisted optical biometers (IOL-master 1322–734, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). STS was measured by using a UBM (Quantel Medical, France). All the ICLs were prescribed by an experienced technician according to all the parameters above. After the operation, all the above anterior segment parameters and the vault values were measured using the anterior segment analyzer. The follow-up periods were 30.5 weeks (ranging from 1 to 270 weeks).
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