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5 protocols using dulbecco s pbs

1

Testicular Graft Harvesting and Sperm Extraction

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Host mice in both groups were euthanatized by cervical dislocation under anesthesia with isoflurane on days 60, 90, 120 and 180. All visible testicular grafts were immediately recovered from the host mice and placed in collection medium (Dulbecco's PBS; Nissui, Tokyo, Japan, supplemented with 5 mg/mL BSA) at 37°C and then weighed. Three pieces were excised from the different larger grafts in each mouse and fixed in Bouin's solution for histological examination. The remaining portions were cut into small pieces in the collection medium, and the presence of sperm released into the medium was recorded.
For ICSI, sperm were collected from two hosts in the MS group on day 180. The tissue suspension was centrifuged for 10 min at 600 × g, and the supernatant was discarded. After washing with the collection medium three times (Kaneko et al., 2013; Kaneko, Kikuchi, Men, et al., 2017; Kaneko, Kikuchi, Nakai, et al., 2017), the pellet was resuspended in a small volume of collection medium and maintained at room temperature until used for ICSI. Sperm obtained from each host mouse were used separately for ICSI.
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2

Isolation and Culture of Rat Endometrial Epithelial Cells

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According to the protocol previously developed in our laboratory [19 (link)],
rat endometrial epithelial (REE) cells were isolated from uterine horns at 1.5 dpc. The uterine lumens were
filled with phosphate buffered saline (Dulbecco’s PBS (–); Nissui Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) containing
0.1% collagenase (Worthington Biochemical Corporation, Lakewood, NJ) and incubated at 37°C for 45 min in a
shaking water bath. The dissociated cells, including both rat endometrial epithelial (REE) cells and rat
endometrial stromal (RES) cells, were washed with the basic culture medium Phenol red-free Dulbecco’s modified
Eagles medium with Hams F-12, 1:1 (v/v) (DMEM/Hams F-12; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) containing 10%
charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), and 1%
Antibiotic-Antimycotic Mixed Stock Solution (Nacalai Tesque). Then, the cell suspension was plated onto 35 mm
culture dishes, and allowed 1 hour of pre-incubation in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C.
After pre-incubation, non-attached REE cells were collected and counted using a hemocytometer. Then, 1 ×
104 cells were seeded in each well of 96-well dishes (Corning, Corning, NY, USA) coated with BD
Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). Cells were cultured in a humidified atmosphere of 5%
CO2 at 37°C. Culture medium was changed every two days.
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3

Scaffold Swelling Degree Measurement

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Swelling measurements were performed by a gravimetric method to determine the water percentage by weight absorbed by the scaffolds. Small octahedral pieces of ≈ 30 mg were cut transversally (to include the three layers). The small octahedrons were weighed (Wi) and submerged in saline buffered solution (Dulbecco’s PBS, Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C (Digitheat-TFT, J.P. Selecta, Spain) and weighed again at predetermined time intervals. The difference between the weight of the scaffold at time t, Wt, and the initial weight, Wi, defines the water percentage by weight, expressed as swelling degree, W (Equation (1)): W=WtWiWi×100=100WtWi100
The swelling degree tests were carried out until the values remained constant for three consecutive measurements.
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4

Stool Collection and Preprocessing for C. difficile Detection

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Stool specimens within 24 h after defecation were collected and immediately examined for C. difficile toxins by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) at study sites. A portion of each stool was concurrently collected into an empty tube, and stored at –20°C until transportation. The stool samples were transported in a frozen state from the sites to our laboratory, and stored at –20°C until use for the following pretreatment for qPCR and CDSC.
After being thawed, each stool was weighed and suspended in 9 volumes of Dulbecco’s PBS (–) (Nissui Pharmaceutical) to make a 10% (w/v) stool homogenate (100 mg stool/mL). One hundred microliters of stool homogenate was used immediately for CDSC. Two milliliters of the 10% stool homogenate was centrifuged at 16,000×g for 5 min, and the supernatant was discarded. The stool pellets (200 mg) were stored at –80°C until use for DNA extraction.
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5

Isolation and Analysis of Phagocytic Cells

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Dulbecco’s PBS(−), heart-infusion broth, and trypticase soy broth were purchased from Nissui Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan). HBSS supplemented with Ca2+ and Mg2+ was purchased from Gibco Invitrogen (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Gentamycin sulfate, trisodium citrate dihydrate, dextran (MW ∼200,000 Da), paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, OsO4, and RIPA buffer containing a protease inhibitor cocktail were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Cytochrome c, apocynin, DPI, sheep serum, and zymosan were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bafilomycin A1, glycine, SDS, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol [Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane], SOD, and polyoxyethylene [10 (link)] octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). DNase was purchased from Roche (Basel, Switzerland).
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