were differentiated by applying 10 μM retinoic acid (Sigma-Aldrich,
R2625-50MG) and 500 μM cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP,
Sigma-Aldrich, A6885) in DMEM medium supplied with 0.5% FBS (differentiation
medium) and incubated for 48 h before adding other treatments. L-Glutamate
acid at 5 mM was applied for 24 h of incubation. Then, the 2′-7′dichlorofluorescin
diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe was added to cells in DMEM-only
medium at 10 μM working concentration for a total of 30 min
incubation with gentle shaking every 5 min at 37 °C. After removing
the fluorescent probe, the cells were washed with probe-free DMEM-only
medium three times to wash away redundant probe. Tested compounds
(
in molar units,
DB1246: 2 μM), and positive ROS control (Rosup: 50 μg/mL)
were then applied to different wells of cells for 1 h of incubation.
The fluorescence intensity of dichlorofluorescein (DCF), oxidated
from DCFH by cellular ROS, was then measured using a microplate reader
with 488/525 nm excitation/emission filters.