Spss v 21.0 statistical software

SPSS V.21.0 statistical software (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, USA) was used for data analysis. After testing the data distribution and variance homogeneity, the measurement data, such as height, weight,age, body composition measurements and other components were normally distributed variables and expressed as the mean ± SD. Comparisons between two groups were made using independent-sample t- tests. Height-for-age z score, weight-for-age z score and BMI-for-age z score were non-normally distributed variables and expressed as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) and the non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used between two groups. The classification data, such as sex, were expressed as numbers and compared by χ² test. Statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05.

NCCS data were analysed by χ² test, Wilcoxon test, and univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses. Abnormal liver function ADR was the dependent variable, while possible causes like admission condition, allergy history, payment method, comorbidities, solvent type, dosage, duration of administration, and top 43 frequently combined drugs were independent variables(Supplementary Table 1). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V21.0 statistical software. Meta-analysis data were processed using R3.5.0 software. The confidence interval for each effect variable was expressed as 95% CI. Homogeneity test (Q test) was used to evaluate heterogeneity. The test level was α = 0.1, and the size of heterogeneity was quantitatively determined by combining I² (judgment criterion P ≥ 0.1 or I² ≤ 50%)^{25 (link),26 (link)}. Heterogeneity was considered significant when p < 0.1 and I² > 50%. When P ≥ 0.1 and I² ≤ 50%, the fixed-effect model was used for the meta-analysis; otherwise, a random-effect model was used.