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Reichert ultracut s microtome

Manufactured by Leica
Sourced in Germany

The Reichert Ultracut S microtome is a precision instrument designed for the preparation of thin sections of materials for microscopic examination. It is capable of producing sections ranging from 0.05 to 2 micrometers in thickness, allowing for the detailed analysis of a wide variety of samples.

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27 protocols using reichert ultracut s microtome

1

Ultrastructural Analysis of Tissue Samples

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Tissue samples were fixed for 72 h in a mixture of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). Samples were then washed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and postfixed with 1% osmiumtetroxide (OsO4)/1.5% potassiumferrocyanide (KFeCN6) for 1 h at room temperature. After washes in water and 50 mM maleate buffer pH 5.15 (MB), the samples were incubated in 1% uranyl acetate in MB for 1 h, washed in MB and water, and dehydrated in grades of alcohol (10 min each: 50%, 70%, 90%, 2 × 10 min 100%). The tissue samples were then put in propyleneoxide for 1 h and infiltrated overnight in a 1:1 mixture of propyleneoxide and TAAB Epon. The following day the samples were embedded in fresh TAAB Epon and polymerized at 60°C for 48 h. Semi-thin (0.5 μm) and ultrathin sections (50–80 nm) were cut on a Reichert Ultracut-S microtome (Leica). Semi-thin sections were picked up on glass slides and stained with toluidine blue for examination by light microscopy to find affected areas in the tissue. Ultrathin sections from those areas were picked up onto formvar/carbon coated copper grids, stained with 0.2% lead citrate and examined in a JEOL 1200EX transmission electron microscope (JOEL, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan). Images were recorded with an AMT 2k CCD camera.
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2

Ultrastructural Bone Tissue Analysis

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Samples were fixed in 2.5% Glutaraldehyde overnight followed by 2% EDTA for decalcification overnight. The first step was 100% ethanol dehydration of the samples and then infiltration procedure of 1-h Agar 100 epoxy resin mix, 1-h propylene oxide and 4 h pure epoxy resin. Medium sized bone nodules were chosen and cut trans sectionally for ~ 70 nm (nm) sections through a Reichert ultra-cut S microtome with a diamond knife (Leica, Milton Keynes, UK). A JEOL 1010 transition electron microscope (TEM; Tokyo, Japan), operated at 120 kV, was used for imaging of the section.
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3

Ultrastructural Analysis of T Cell Activation

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For T cell stimulation, 2 × 106/ml Jurkat T cells were incubated with 10 µg/ml biotin-conjugated anti–human CD3ε antibody (BioLegend), followed by cross-linking with 20 µg/ml streptavidin (Cell Signaling Technology) for 10 min at 37°C. Stimulation was stopped by adding the same volume of 2× fixative (2.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.25% paraformaldehyde, and 0.03% picric acid in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4). Cells were spun down at 1,500 rpm for 5 min. The cell pellet was fixed for 2 h at room temperature in the fixative, washed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, and postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide (OsO4)/1.5% potassium ferrocyanide (KFeCN6) for 1 h, washed in water, and incubated in 1% aqueous uranyl acetate for 1 h. Cells were subsequently dehydrated in grades of alcohol (10 min each; 50%, 70%, 90%, 2 × 10 min 100%). The samples were then put in propylene oxide for 1 h and infiltrated overnight in a 1:1 mixture of propylene oxide and TAAB epon (Marivac Canada Inc.). The next day, the samples were embedded in TAAB epon and polymerized at 60°C for 48 h. Ultrathin sections (60 nm) were cut on a Reichert Ultracut-S microtome (Leica), transferred onto copper grids, stained with lead citrate, and examined in a JEOL 1200EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL) or a Tecnai G2 Spirit BioTWIN (FEI). Images were recorded with an AMT 2k CCD camera.
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4

Freeze Substitution and Embedding for TEM

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Gravid adults were frozen substituted in acetone (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) containing 2% osmium tetroxide (Electron Microscopy Science, Hatfield, PA, USA) and 0.2% uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Science) in a Leica EM automatic freeze substitution machine (Leica). The temperature was raised from −90 °C to room temperature for 22 h (5 °C/h). The samples were dehydrated in 100% ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 h, followed by two washes. The washed samples were embedded in the EMBed-812 embedding kit (Electron Microscopy Science) and incubated at 70 °C for 48 h. The 70 nm thin sections were cut by using a Reichert ultracut S microtome (Leica). Thin sections were collected on Formvar-coated copper grids (Electron Microscopy Science) and post-stained with 0.8% uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Science) in 40% methanol (J.T.Baker) followed by aqueous lead citrate (Electron Microscopy Science). Thin sections were viewed in a JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan).
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5

Ultrastructural Analysis of T. cruzi-Infected NHDF Cells

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NHDF, grown on Aclar (Ted Pella Inc.) filmed plastic coverslips and infected with T. cruzi for 48 hours, were fixed with 1.25% formaldehyde, 2.5 % glutaraldehyde and 0.03% picric acid in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4 for 1 hour and then washed 3 times in 0.1M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) prior to the post-fixation processing step of 1% osmium tetroxide/1.5% potassium ferrocyanide in distilled water 30 minutes on ice. Following 3 washes in distilled water, coverslips were incubated overnight with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate at 4°C in the dark. Samples were rinsed in water and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series using the progressive lowering of temperature method. After a final dip in fresh 100% ethanol then 100% propylene oxide, they were infiltrated with solutions 2:1, 1:2 of propylene oxide:epon araldite 30 minutes each, then 100% Epon araldite for one hour, then mounted for polymerization at 65°C for 48 hours. Ultrathin sections (about 60nm) were cut on a Reichert Ultracut-S microtome (Leica), picked up on to copper grids stained with lead citrate and examined in a TecnaiG2 Spirit BioTWIN (FEI Company) and images were recorded with an AMT 2k CCD camera (Advanced Microscopy Techniques).
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6

Adenovirus Infection of Keratocytes

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Keratocytes grown on coverslips (Nunc) were transfected and infected. At 48 hr post-transfection, cells were infected with purified HAdV-D37 virus at a MOI of 100 at 4°C for 30 min, washed in media, and then warmed to 37°C for 2 hr. Cells were then fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, 2.5% paraformaldehyde, and 0.06% picric acid in 0.2M cacodylate buffer for 1 hr, and post fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (OsO4)/1.5% potassium ferrocyanide (KFeCN6) for 30 min, washed thrice in water, and incubated in 1% aqueous uranyl acetate for 30 min followed by 2 washes and subsequent dehydration in graded alcohol (5 min each; 50%, 70%, 95%, 2× 100%). Samples were embedded in plastic and polymerized at 60 °C. Ultrathin sections (~60 nm) were cut on a Reichert Ultracut-S microtome (Leica, Buffalo Grove, IL), placed on copper grids, stained with lead citrate, and examined in a JEOL 1200EX transmission electron microscope (Peabody, MA), and images were recorded with an AMT 2k CCD camera (Woburn, MA). Distance and virion location measurements were performed by a masked observer.
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7

High-Resolution Cellular Ultrastructure Imaging

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For EM analysis, cells were high pressure frozen, freeze-substituted, sectioned, and stained as described previously (Giddings et al., 2001 (link)). First, vacuum filtration was performed to collect cells onto a 0.45 µm polycarbonate filter (EMD Millipore). Cells were transferred and cryo-immobilized by using the EM PACT2 (Leica), a high-pressure freezing machine operating at a pressure of ∼2,045 bar. For freeze-substitution, an EM-AFS2 device (Leica) together with a freeze-substitution solution of 0.1% glutaraldehyde, 0.2% uranyl acetate, and 1% water dissolved in anhydrous acetone was used, followed by stepwise infiltration in Lowicryl HM20 (Polysciences, Inc.), starting at a low temperature of −90°C. The samples were then exposed to UV light at −45°C for 48 h and gradually warmed up to 20°C to allow polymerization. Serial sectioning of embedded cells, to generate 60–70-nm-thick sections, was done using a Reichert Ultracut S Microtome (Leica). Sections were poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Finally, images were captured with an electron microscope (CM120; Philips Electronics) operated at 120 kV.
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8

Tissue Ultrastructure Examination Protocol

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Tissue samples were fixed for 72 h in a mixture of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). Samples were then washed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and postfixed with 1% osmiumtetroxide (OsO4)/1.5% potassiumferrocyanide (KFeCN6) for 1 h at room temperature. After washes in water and 50 mM maleate buffer pH 5.15 (MB), the samples were incubated in 1% uranyl acetate in MB for 1 h, washed in MB and water, and dehydrated in grades of alcohol (10 min each: 50%, 70%, 90%, 2×10 min 100%). The tissue samples were then put in propyleneoxide for 1 h and infiltrated overnight in a 1:1 mixture of propyleneoxide and TAAB Epon. The following day the samples were embedded in fresh TAAB Epon and polymerized at 60°C for 48 h. Semi-thin (0.5 μm) and ultrathin sections (50–80 nm) were cut on a Reichert Ultracut-S microtome (Leica). Semi-thin sections were picked up on glass slides and stained with toluidine blue for examination by light microscopy to find affected areas in the tissue. Ultrathin sections from those areas were picked up onto formvar/carbon coated copper grids, stained with 0.2% lead citrate and examined in a JEOL 1200EX transmission electron microscope (JOEL, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan). Images were recorded with an AMT 2k CCD camera.
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9

Ultrastructural Analysis of HAdV-D37 Infection in siRNA-treated HEK293 Cells

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HEK293 siRNA treated cells were infected with HAdV-D37 at an MOI of 0.1 for 72 hrs, and then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.25% paraformaldehyde, and 0.03% picric acid in 0.1M cacodylate buffer for 1 hr and sent for transmission electron microscopy (https://electron-microscopy.hms.harvard.edu/). The samples were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (OsO4)/1.5% potassium ferrocyanide (KFeCN6) for 30 min, washed and incubated in 1% aqueous uranyl acetate for 30 min followed by two washes and subsequent dehydration in graded alcohol (5 min each, 50%, 70%, 95%, 2x 100%). The samples were then removed from the dish in propylene oxide and incubated overnight in a 1:1 mixture of propylene oxide and TAAB Epon (TAAB Laboratories Equipment Ltd, Aldermaston, Berks). The next day samples were embedded in fresh TAAB Epon and polymerized at 60° C for 48 hrs. Ultrathin sections (~60 nm) cut on a Reichert Ultracut-S microtome (Leica, Buffalo Grove, IL), placed on copper grids, stained with lead citrate, and examined in a JEOL 1200EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL Inc. Peabody, MA). Images were recorded with an AMT 2k CCD camera (AMT, Woburn, MA).
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10

Ultrastructural Analysis of Plant Leaves

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Small pieces of leaves were cut and fixed in 3% Glutaraldeyde in 0.1M Cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) 10 hours at room temperature in a desiccator and then transferred to 40°C for the continuation of fixation overnight. The tissues were washed in cacodylate buffer and postfixed and stained with 2% osmium tetroxide, 1.5% potassium ferricyanide in 0.1M cacodylate buffer for 2 hours. Tissues were then washed in cacodylate buffer and dehydrated through a graded series of ethanol treatments for 10 min each step, followed by 100% anhydrous ethanol 3 times, 20 min each, and propylene oxide 2 times, 10 min each. The tissues were infiltrated with increasing concentrations of Agar 100 resin in propylene oxide for 16 hours each step. The tissues were embedded in fresh resin in a 600°C oven for 48 hours. Ultrathin sections, approximately 80 nm thick, were cut on a Leica Reichert Ultracut S microtome, collected onto 200 Mesh carbon-formvar coated copper grids, and stained with Uranyl acetate followed by Reynold's Lead Citrate for 10 min. The sections were examined using Tecnai 12 TEM 100kV (Phillips, Eindhoven, the Netherlands) equipped with MegaView II CCD camera and Analysis® version 3.0 software (SoftImaging System GmbH, Münstar, Germany).
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