All analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages. Continuous variables were tested for normality of the distribution normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median (25th - 75th interquartile range) and were compared using the paired t-test if the data were normally distributed and Wilcoxon’s rank sum test if the data were not normally distributed. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation methods were applied for relationship analysis. In all analyses, P < 0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance.
Spss for windows 15
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS for Windows 15.0 is a data analysis software package that provides tools for managing, analyzing, and presenting data. It offers a wide range of statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and advanced statistics. The software is designed to work on the Windows operating system.
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119 protocols using spss for windows 15
1
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
2
Sheep Spine Biomechanics Analysis
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The obtained data were processed and transferred to the SPSS statistics program (SPSS for Windows 15.0 SPSS Inc. 2006). As a result of the power analysis, it was concluded that 60 dual segment samples for thoracic region and 44 for lumbar region of sheep spines would suffice. The data obtained were found not to have normal distribution when evaluated with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk tests. Therefore, non-parametric tests were preferred to statistical tests. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for binary comparison, and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for multiple comparisons.
3
Evaluating Women's Sexual Function and Depression
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Data was evaluated by using SPSS for Windows 15.0 software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Descriptive statistical mean values were presented in terms of standard deviation, frequency and percentage. For statistical analytical categorical changes, the chi-square test was used; for continuous data, the student-t test was used; and for the comparison of dependent qualitative date, the McNemar test was used. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the independence of the associations by adjusting for potential confounding factors. For the purpose of assessing the sexual function of women and determining their level of depression, the categories of age (40-45, 46-50 and 51-60), educational status (primary school or its absence, middle school, high school, associate degree or undergraduate), employment status, family type (nuclear family and extended family) and smoking habits were all used as a potential confounding factor for multivariable logistic regression models. For each potential confounder, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results were evaluated in a 95% confidence interval, p<0.05 significance level and p<0.01 P<0.001 advanced significance level. For all comparisons, nominal dual p value was accepted.
4
Survival Analysis of Surgical Outcomes
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Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social science (SPSS for Windows 15.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the product limit Kaplan–Meier method. OS was calculated from the date of surgery to the time of death from any cause or until the last follow-up. PFS was calculated from the date of surgery to the time of disease progression, recurrence, or death. Treatment failure was defined as disease progression, recurrence, or metastasis. Survival differences between the groups were calculated using the log-rank test.
5
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
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Statistical analysis was performed using the computer package SPSS for Windows 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error (SE). The difference between means was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by a LSD post-hoc test. p<0.05 was considered significant.
6
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
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All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The means in more than two groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA test. When overall p-value was significant, then pairwise comparisons were done with Mann-Whitney U-test and post-hoc Bonferroni test. The means in two groups were compared with Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Non-normally distributed parameters are expressed as medians (25th and 75th percentiles), while normally distributed parameters are expressed as means ± standard deviation. In all analyses, p<0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance. The Bonferroni correction was applied for comparisons of subgroups (p<0.05/number of comparisons). A non-parametric correlation analysis (Spearman’s rank correlation) was also performed.
7
Statistical Analysis of Biomarker Diagnostic Performance
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The statistical package SPSS for Windows 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used to analyze the data. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using the Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Mean and standard deviations were used to describe data. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. ROC analysis was performed to investigate the diagnostic performance of any marker.
8
Quercetin Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Damage
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Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows (15.0) software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Comparisons between experimental groups and quercetin pretreated groups were made by using one-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons between groups. Whereas, comparisons between normoxia-exposed (0 hrs), hypoxia-exposed (6 h) animals and hypoxia + quercetin treated groups were made using Student’s t test. Differences were considered statistically significant for p<0.001. Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
9
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
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SPSS for Windows 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Ill) software was used for statistical analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate normal distribution of data. To evaluate intergroup parameters of normally distributed data, the Student’s t test and One-way Anova test were used. To evaluate intergroup parameters of non-normally distributed data, the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used. The group that caused the difference was identified with the Mann Whitney U test. Pearson Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships of parameters. Data reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results were evaluated at a statistical significance level of p<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.
10
Comparative Analysis of Treatment Outcomes
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Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis to compare results between two groups was carried out by independent sample t test with SPSS for Windows 15.0 (SPSS, USA). Differences were considered to be significant if p < 0.05.
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