Cupric chloride

Chokeberry fruits were bought at the local market. Alginic acid sodium salt (very low viscosity) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany), while low-methoxyl pectin (Genu pectin type LM-5-CS) was from CP Kelco (Lille Skensved, Denmark). Calcium chloride, ethanol, sodium acetate, potassium chloride and ammonium acetate were from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Sodium carbonate was purchased from T.T.T. (Sveta Nedelja, Croatia). Potassium persulfate and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were procured from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Cupric chloride, neocuproine and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were bought from Acros Organic (Geel, Belgium). methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade, >85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Hydrochloric acid (37%) and methanol were bought from Carlo Erba Reagents (Sabadell, Spain) and acetic acid (>99.5%) was from Alkaloid (Skopje, North Macedonia). Trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 4-dimethyl-amino-cinnamaldehyd and most of the standards used for HPLC analysis (chlorogenic acid, quercetin and rutin) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while the standards of cyanidin-3-galactoside, neochlorogenic acid and hyperoside were products of Extrasynthese (Genay, France).

Dairy proteins were obtained from Ingredia Functional (Arras, France). Methanol used for analysis was HPLC grade and it was obtained from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Orthophosphoric acid was also HPLC grade (>85%) and it was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). 4-dimethyl-amino-cinnamaldehyd, trolox, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil and standards for HPLC analysis (rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, (−)-epicatechin) were products of Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The standard of cyanidin-3-rutinoside was from Phytolab GmbH (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany) and the standard of neochlorogenic acid was the product of Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and potassium persulfate were products of Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Neocuproine, cupric chloride and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were products of Acros Organic (Geel, Belgium). Sodium carbonate was bought from T.T.T. (Sveta Nedelja, Croatia) and hydrochloric acid (37%) from Carlo Erba Reagents (Sabadell, Spain).

CMC was purchased from CP Kelco (Äänekoski, Finland). Sucrose was a product of Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Trehalose was obtained from Hayashibara doo (Nagase group, Tokyo, Japan). Hydrochloric acid was from Carlo Erba Reagents (Sabadell, Spain). Sodium carbonate was from T.T.T. (Sveta Nedelja, Croatia). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and potassium persulfate were from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and most of the standards used (rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-D-glucoside, chlorogenic acid) were products of Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while the standards of cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, neochlorogenic acid, and quercetin-3-D-galactoside were products of Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Cupric chloride, neocuproine, and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Acros Organic (Geel, Belgium). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade, >85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Longhborough, UK).