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4 protocols using perchloric acid pca

1

HPLC Analysis of Glutathione Redox Status

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GSH, GSSG, O-pthaldialdehyde (OPA), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hydrogen phosphate (NaH2PHO4) were purchased from (Sigma-Aldrich, Poole, UK). HLPC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Leicester, UK) and used without further purification. Perchloric acid (PCA) was obtained from VWR International (Loughborough, England). Chromacol autosampler vials (300 µL) were obtained from Thermo Scientific (Langerwehe, Germany). Chromatographic-grade water was generated from Milli-Q Advantage SystemTM (Millipore, Watford, UK) and filtered through Whatman Filter Paper (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK). The NaH2PHO4 mobile phase solvent was degassed and filtered through a 0.45-µm Whatman Filter Paper. GSH and GSSG standard solutions were prepared fresh each day. O-pthaldialdehyde (OPA) solution in methanol was prepared every 4 hrs and NEM was prepared just before use. A summary of the whole procedure is detailed in Figure 11.
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2

Quantification of Thymidine and 2'-Deoxyuridine

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Thymidine, 2’-deoxyuridine and formic acid (LC-MS grade) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Poole, UK). Internal standards (IS) Thymidine-1’,2’,3’,4’,5’-13C5 and 2’-deoxyuridine-1’,2’,3’,4’,5’-13C5 were from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto ON, Canada) and 70% perchloric acid (PCA) was obtained from VWR (Lutterworth, UK). Methanol (HPLC grade) was supplied by Rathburn (Walkerburn, Scotland). Deionized water was prepared in-house (<1.0 µS/cm). Analyte-free dialyzed human plasma (with K2EDTA) was obtained from TCS Biosciences Ltd (Buckingham, UK). Analyte-free human plasma containing K3EDTA, lithium heparin, analyte-free human serum from individual donors and whole blood (for the preparation of hemolyzed plasma) were obtained from Biological Speciality Corporation (Colmar, PA, USA). Hyperlipidaemic plasma containing 247 mg/dL cholesterol was supplied by Seralab (Haywards Heath, UK). Urine was obtained from in-house healthy volunteers.
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3

Determination of Aminothiol Disulfides

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In general, chemicals used in this study were commercially available and at least of analytical reagent grade. Sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), HPLC-gradient grade acetonitrile (ACN), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Cys-Gly, symmetrical disulfides of particular aminothiols, namely homocystine (Hcy2), cystine (Cys2) and oxidized GSH (Glu2) were from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and perchloric acid (PCA) were from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). 2-Chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (CMQT)17 (link) and HPPTCA16 were prepared in our laboratory as previously described. Deionized water was produced in our laboratory. Commercially available 50 mg vitamin B6 tablets from Teva Pharmaceuticals (Cracow, Poland), containing active substance pyridoxine hydrochloride, were used.
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4

Acetyl-CoA Synthesis and Quantification

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All solutions were prepared in Millipore water (Milli-Q system, Billerica, MA, USA). Aqueous solutions (72%) of perchloric acid (PCA) and HPLC grade acetonitrile were obtained from JT Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA); the trilithium salt of acetyl-CoA, the sodium salt hydrate of CoA, sodium acetate, monosodium phosphate, 85% aqueous phosphoric acid, oxaloacetic acid, citrate synthase (from porcine heart; ammonium sulfate suspension; >1000 U/mg), acetyl phosphate, Tris HCl, and dithiothreitol (DTT) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA); phosphotransacetylase (lyophilized preparation from Bacillus stearothermophilus, ~1000 U/mg solid) was obtained from Boehringer Mannheim (Ridgefield, CT, USA); Dulbecco Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) was obtained from VWR Life Sciences (Radnor, PA, USA); fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gemini Bio-Products (West Sacramento, CA, USA); and, the Bio-Rad DC™ protein assay kit was obtained from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Nylon membrane filters with a diameter of 47 mm and a pore size of 0.2 µm that were used for mobile phase filtering and degassing were obtained from Pall Life Science (Port Washington, NY, USA).
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