Tannic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, India, Italy, China, Brazil, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Spain, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Sao Tome and Principe, Czechia

Tannic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound found in various plant sources. It serves as a key component in numerous laboratory applications, functioning as a reagent, precipitating agent, and astringent. Tannic acid exhibits a high degree of solubility in water and other polar solvents.

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Lab products found in correlation

Gallic acid, by Merck Group (103 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (72 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (44 mentions) Catechin, by Merck Group (37 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (35 mentions) Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (34 mentions) Rutin, by Merck Group (30 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (29 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (28 mentions) Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (27 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (24 mentions) Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (23 mentions) Trolox, by Merck Group (23 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (20 mentions) Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (19 mentions) Folin ciocalteu s phenol reagent, by Merck Group (19 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (18 mentions) Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Vanillin, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Epicatechin, by Merck Group (17 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Tannic acid (C76H52O46, Tannic acid powder Tannic acid ACS reagent Tannic acid 403040-100G Tannic acid solution Tannic acid standard

430 protocols using tannic acid

Overcoming RT Inhibition with Poloxamer

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Example 3

When inhibitor tannic acid (Sigma, 403040) was added in RT reaction at 0.1 μg/μl, qPCR results from the RT products were greatly delayed compared with the RT products without tannic acid. Human GAPDH target gene was detected in the qPCR reaction. When 0.5% Poloxamer (Sigma, P5556) was added in the RT reaction with the same concentration of tannic acid, the qPCR results from the RT products did not show much delay compared to the RT products without tannic acid. This indicated that Poloxamer effectively improves RT tolerance to tannic acid.

US11597920B2. Compositions and methods for enhancing reverse transcriptase activity and/or reducing the inhibition of reverse transcriptase (2023-03-07). BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. [US]. Inventors: Xiangdong Meng [US], Xiaosong Gong [US], Cindy C T Wan [US].

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Dietary Tannic Acid Effects on Rats

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All rats were maintained on Purina 5001 and tap water ad lib until study onset at which point all rats were given a purified control diet ad lib (diet modeled after [28] (link), Table 1). The control group was maintained on the control diet during the entire course of the experiment. The experimental group was fed the control diet for 12 days followed by the tannic acid diet for 15 days. The tannic acid diet contained 3% tannic acid (Sigma Aldrich, lot number SZBC0460V) by weight and 3% less cellulose but was otherwise identical to the control diet. The first saliva samples were collected after the animals were maintained on the control diet for 4 days.

Torregrossa A.M., Nikonova L., Bales M.B., Villalobos Leal M., Smith J.C., Contreras R.J, & Eckel L.A. (2014). Induction of Salivary Proteins Modifies Measures of Both Orosensory and Postingestive Feedback during Exposure to a Tannic Acid Diet. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e105232.

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Determination of Total Polyphenols in Fruits

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Total polyphenols were determined according to Makkar et al. (1993) . Samples (n = 3, 5 g fresh fruit weight each one) (FFW) were extracted for 24 h in 50 mL 80% MeOH–H₂O at 4 °C. Aliquots (25, 50 and 100 μL) were set to 500 μL with water, and then 250 μL of 50% of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1.25 mL of 20% (w/v) aqueous sodium carbonate solution were put. The reaction mixture were kept at 24 °C for 40 min, and then the absorbance was read at 725 nm. The calibration curve was made with tannic acid (Sigma) and expressed as mg tannic acid equivalents/100 g FFW.

Arena M.E., Povilonis I.S., Borroni V., Constenla D, & Radice S. (2021). Changes in physicochemical properties at different development stages of Hexachlamys edulis fruit, an underutilized South American species. Heliyon, 7(11), e08323.

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Impact of Tannic Acid on Insect Biology

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tannic acid (CAS No. 1401-55-4) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, St Louis, MO (Cat#T0200).The impacts of various concentrations of tannic acid on nutrition and detoxification enzyme activity were determined by adding tannic acid to an artificial diet (Chen et al. 2003b , Wang 2016 ). The methods for making tannic acid supplemented diets were based on the artificial diet formula described by Cao et al. (2014) . Briefly, tannic acid was weighed, dissolved in distilled water, and serially diluted to gradient concentrations of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% (W/V), based on the content of tannin (3.91–6.08 mg/g) in the leaves of several host plants of H. cunea, as determined in our previous experiments (Li et al. 2018 ). The solution was evenly mixed into the artificial diet and stirred constantly. Then, the diets were poured into a rearing cup (200 ml) and allowed to solidify. Afterward, 15 newly molted fourth-instar H. cunea larvae were put into each cup and placed in an incubator. The larvae of control group were provided normal diet with addition of the same volume of distilled water, instead of the tannic acid.

Yuan Y., Li L., Zhao J, & Chen M. (2020). Effect of Tannic Acid on Nutrition and Activities of Detoxification Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase of the Fall Webworm (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Journal of Insect Science, 20(1), 8.

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Forage Nutrient Composition Analysis

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Conserved forage samples were analyzed for DM, OM and acid detergent lignin using AOAC method [67 ], NDF and ADF using an ANKOM 200 system (ANKOM Technology Corp., Fairport, NY, USA) with sodium sulfite and α-amylase added for NDF analysis. Samples were ball-ground in a planetary micro mill (Retsch Inc., Newtown, PA, USA) for measurement of total nitrogen (N) by flash combustion analysis using a NA1500 Nitrogen Analyzer (Carlo Erba Instruments, Milan, Italy). For WSC, 15 g subsamples from conserved forage were combined with 135 g of deionized H₂O and blended in a homogenizer (Osterizer, Sunbeam, Fontana, CA, USA) for 30 s. The homogenate was strained through four layers of cheesecloth and the supernatant was sampled and analyzed for WSC as described by Zahiroddini et al. [68 (link)]. Conserved PPC samples were analyzed for total phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteu method [69 (link)] with tannic acid (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) as the standard and were expressed as tannic acid equivalents. The concentrations of extractable, protein-bound and fibre-bound CT were determined using the method of Terrill et al. [70 (link)] with CT purified from whole PPC plants as a standard.

Peng K., Huang Q., Xu Z., McAllister T.A., Acharya S., Mueller-Harvey I., Drake C., Cao J., Huang Y., Sun Y., Wang S, & Wang Y. (2018). Characterization of Condensed Tannins from Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) Conserved as either Freeze-Dried Forage, Sun-Cured Hay or Silage. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 23(3), 586.

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Tannin Content Analysis and Antiproliferative Effects

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The extract was combined with 5.0 ml of Folin-Denis reagent and Na 2 CO 3 solution in a volume of 100 ml and mixed well, and after 30 min, absorbance was read at 725 nm using a spectrophotometer (Biochrom). Tannic acid (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) was used for preparing the standard curve. Total tannin content is expressed as mg Tannic acid equivalents (TAE, dry basis)/g of sample. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed with a reversedphase column (SunFire C18, 4.6 × 250 mm, 5-µm diameter; Waters, Milford, MA, USA) and analyzed with HPLC Empower Software (Waters). The mobile phase was water-acetonitrile 80/20% (v/v). The flow rate was 1 ml/min, and the injection volume was 5 µl. The chromatograms were detected at 230 nm and collected at 30°C. Tannic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as a standard.
The effects of tannin on cancer cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT; Genetrone, Seoul, Korea) assay.

Jo H.J., Chung K.H., Yoon J.A., Lee K.J., Song B.C, & An J.H. (2015). Radical Scavenging Activities of Tannin Extracted from Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.). Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 25(6).

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Antimicrobial Phytochemical Evaluation

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Phytochemicals (berberine chloride, 8-hydroxyquinoline, salicylic acid, tannic acid, and sanguinarine chloride) and their synthetic analogs [chloroxine (5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-ol), nitroxoline (5-nitroquinolin-8-ol), ferron (7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid), bismuth subsalicylate, and zinc pyrithione], as well as antibiotics (ceftriaxone sodium, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, tetracycline, and vancomycin hydrochloride), used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich, Prague, Czech Republic) was used to prepare the stock solutions of all test compounds, except those of metronidazole, salicylic acid, vancomycin, and zinc pyrithione, which were prepared using distilled water. Stock solutions of chloramphenicol, tannic acid, and tetracycline were prepared using 96% ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Prague, Czech Republic). The chemical structures of individual compounds tested are shown in Figure 3.

Kudera T., Doskocil I., Salmonova H., Petrtyl M., Skrivanova E, & Kokoska L. (2020). In Vitro Selective Growth-Inhibitory Activities of Phytochemicals, Synthetic Phytochemical Analogs, and Antibiotics against Diarrheagenic/Probiotic Bacteria and Cancer/Normal Intestinal Cells. Pharmaceuticals, 13(9), 233.

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Tannic Acid–Uranyl Acetate Tissue Staining

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The tannic acid–uranyl acetate tissue processing protocol was slightly modified from Phend et al. (1995) (link). In brief, vibratome sections were treated with 1% tannic acid (Electron Microscopy Sciences) in 0.1 M Hepes, pH 7.4, for 1 h. Sections were rinsed with 0.1 M maleate buffer, pH 6.0, and then treated with 1% uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Sciences) in the same buffer for 1 h. Sections were rinsed, dehydrated with ethanol, infiltrated, and embedded with Spurr low-viscosity resin between two sheets of ACLAR films (Electron Microscopy Sciences). To test the effect of membrane permeability on the staining pattern of tannic acid–uranyl acetate, 0.5% saponin (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the tannic acid solution.
A subset of samples was processed using the osmium tetroxide method as in Ding et al. (2015) (link). Vibratome sections were treated with 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for 1 h, mordanted en bloc with 1% uranyl acetate, dehydrated, and embedded in Spurr resin.
60–80-nm ultrathin sections were cut with an ultramicrotome (Leica), collected on copper grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences), and poststained with 1% uranyl acetate and Sato’s lead (Sato, 1968 (link)).

Ding J.D., Salinas R.Y, & Arshavsky V.Y. (2015). Discs of mammalian rod photoreceptors form through the membrane evagination mechanism. The Journal of Cell Biology, 211(3), 495-502.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Evaluation

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All chemicals, including Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, tannic acid (Ph Eur purity), aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃ × 6 H₂O; Ph Eur purity), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH; 95% purity), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS; 98% purity), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH; 97% purity), ferrozine (97% purity), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (98% purity), iron (III) chloride (FeCl₃ × 6H₂O; 97% purity), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO₄ × 7H₂O; 99% purity), trolox (97% purity), quercetin (98% purity), rutin (99% purity), tannic acid (98% purity), bovine serum albumin, glucose, fructose, sodium azide, 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), acarbose, and the analytical-grade solvents ethyl acetate (AcOEt; 99.8% purity), iron (II) chloride (FeCl₂ × 4H₂O; 99% purity), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), potato starch, sodium carbonate, the enzymes α-amylase from a hog pancreas (50 U/mg), and α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (≥10 U/mg protein), as well as the analytical grade solvents were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Sissi S., Di Giacomo S., Ferrante C., Angelini P., Macone A., Giusti A.M., Toniolo C., Vitalone A., Abdellah A., Larhsini M., Menghini L., Markouk M., Mazzanti G, & Di Sotto A. (2022). Characterization of the Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of Anacyclus maroccanus Ball. and Anacyclus radiatus Loisel Aerial Parts: Preliminary Evidence for the Possible Development of Moroccan Plants. Molecules, 27(3), 692.

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Quantitative Analysis of Food Constituents

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The chemicals, including 1,1'-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, catechin, butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), coumarin, cortisone, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Anthron reagent were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company Ltd. (USA). Gallic acid, tannic acid, ascorbic acid, rutin, tannic acid, vitamin E (ɑ-tocopherol), β-carotene and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were obtained from Merck (Pvt.) Ltd. (Germany). Solvents and other reagents were of analytical grade.
Quantifying ash content: Ash content was determined according to Horwitz and Latimer (2007) and expressed as %w.
Quantifying total protein content: Total protein content was estimated according to the method described by Lowry et al. (1951) . The amount of protein in 100 mg of extract was calculated by comparison with the standard curve for BSA.
Quantifying total carbohydrate content: Total carbohydrate content was estimated using Anthron reagent, as described by Hedge et al. (1962) .
Extracting free fatty acids and quantifying total lipid content: Free fatty acids were first extracted according to the method described by Bligh and Dyer (1959) (link). The free fatty acids in the lipid residue were calorimetrically estimated using a cupric acetate/pyridine reagent, as described by Lowry and Tinsley (1976) (link).

Alghazeer R., Elgahmasi S., Abdullah E.H.E., Ahtiwesh O., Althaluti E., Shamlan G., Alansari W.S., & Kiran S. (2021). APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL DESIGN FOR THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF PHYTASE BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 32(1).

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