All patients underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before initiating treatment as part of the routine staging procedure, within a maximum of 2 weeks from diagnosis. Patients fasted for at least 6 h and glucose levels were less than 10 mmol/L before injection of 18F-FDG (~5 MBq/kg), administered at 60 +/− 4 min before data acquisition. Data were acquired on a GEMINI PET/CT scanner (Philips, Cleveland, USA, n = 4) or a Biograph mCT40 (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany, n = 41). CT data were acquired first (120 kV and 100 mAs, no contrast enhancement). Three-dimensional PET images were reconstructed using CT-based attenuation correction and a 3-dimensional row-action maximum likelihood algorithm with a previously optimized protocol (2 iterations; relaxation parameter, 0.05; Gaussian post-filtering 5 mm; 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 voxels) for the GEMINI PET/CT scanner or an OSEM-TrueX-TOF (3 iterations; Gaussian post-filtering 5 mm; 4.07 × 4.07 × 2.03 mm3 voxels) for the Biograph mCT. SUVs were normalized using patient body weight.
Gemini pet ct scanner
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in United States
The GEMINI PET/CT scanner is a medical imaging device that combines positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) technologies. It is designed to capture detailed images of the body's internal structures and functions.
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8 protocols using gemini pet ct scanner
1
Standardized 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Protocol
2
Repeated 18F-fluoride PET Imaging
3
Whole-Body PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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All patients had fasted for at least six hours before 18FDG administration. After the intravenous injection of 18FDG (3.7 MBq/kg), they rested for 60 minutes. Images were acquired using a GEMINI PET/CT scanner (PHILIPS Health Systems Amsterdam Holland), integrated with a 64-slice multidetector CT.
PET images were obtained for 180 seconds per position. To attenuate correction and to identify anatomical location, we performed a low-dose, non-contrast-enhanced CT scan (tube voltage: 120kV; effective tube current: 30–100 mA), which included the whole body from the top of the skull to the feet.
PET images were obtained for 180 seconds per position. To attenuate correction and to identify anatomical location, we performed a low-dose, non-contrast-enhanced CT scan (tube voltage: 120kV; effective tube current: 30–100 mA), which included the whole body from the top of the skull to the feet.
4
FDG-PET Imaging Protocol for Metabolic Assessment
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The imaging protocol was identical for each individual in both studies. Patients were advised to fast for six hours prior to imaging. The blood glucose level was monitored, but the data was not obtainable from the first PET study as it was not routinely noted at the time. At the time of the second PET study the mean blood glucose level of the patients was 6,0 mmol/L (108 mg/dL) (SD ± 0,76, range 5,7–7,8 mmol/L). After an intravenous injection of 18F-FDG, the patients rested for 60 minutes in a semidarkened, quiet room. We used a Gemini PET/CT scanner (Philips Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA) to acquire the images. First, we obtained a CT surview (30 mA, 120 kVp). The patients were then scanned from the base of the skull to midthigh (50 mA, 120 kVp). We then acquired the PET images in a standard-manner 8 cm bed position at 1 min 30 sec per frame.
5
PET Imaging of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
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Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) PET scans were obtained with a Philips GEMINI PET/CT scanner (Cleveland, OH, USA). For each scan, the patient received a bolus injection of 370 MBq of [15O]H2O into the antecubital vein in the left forearm through an indwelling catheter. PET data were collected over 120 seconds. Images were reconstructed based on a time-activity curve using 20-120 second intervals. Correction for tissue attenuation was based on data from low dose computed tomography transmission measurements, performed with a 140-kV, 40-mAs/slice. The acquired images were attenuation-corrected and reconstructed using the row-action maximum likelihood algorithm (3D-RAMLA).
Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using SPM8 (University College of London, UK).16 All reconstructed images were transformed into a standard Montreal Neurological Institute stereotactic anatomical space using nonlinear transformation of each image to a group template, which was generated by averaging all PET images after nonlinearly transforming them to the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) PET template space. Spatially normalized images were smoothed by a Gaussian filter with a kernel size of the full-width-half-maximum of 10×10×10 mm3. All rCBF radioactivities were scaled proportional to total brain radioactivity to adjust for any global uptake variability between individuals.
Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using SPM8 (University College of London, UK).16 All reconstructed images were transformed into a standard Montreal Neurological Institute stereotactic anatomical space using nonlinear transformation of each image to a group template, which was generated by averaging all PET images after nonlinearly transforming them to the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) PET template space. Spatially normalized images were smoothed by a Gaussian filter with a kernel size of the full-width-half-maximum of 10×10×10 mm3. All rCBF radioactivities were scaled proportional to total brain radioactivity to adjust for any global uptake variability between individuals.
6
PET Imaging of Heterogeneous NSCLC Tumors
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Nine non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) tumors were chosen for their challenging nature with complex shapes and uptake heterogeneity.Patients fasted for at least 6 hours before 3D
PET data was acquired on a Philips GEMINI PET/CT scanner without motion correction, 60±4 min after injection of 5MBq/kg of 18 F-FDG. Images were reconstructed with the 3D RAMLA algorithm (2 iterations, relaxation parameter 0.05, post-filtering with a Gaussian of 5 mm FWHM) and a voxel size of 4×4×4 mm 3 , using CT-based attenuation correction, scatter and random correction 42 . In the absence of ground-truth for these volumes, 3 different experts delineated each tumor slice-by-slice with free display settings. A statistical consensus of the segmentations was then derived using the STAPLE algorithm to generate one surrogate of truth (fig. 3).
PET data was acquired on a Philips GEMINI PET/CT scanner without motion correction, 60±4 min after injection of 5MBq/kg of 18 F-FDG. Images were reconstructed with the 3D RAMLA algorithm (2 iterations, relaxation parameter 0.05, post-filtering with a Gaussian of 5 mm FWHM) and a voxel size of 4×4×4 mm 3 , using CT-based attenuation correction, scatter and random correction 42 . In the absence of ground-truth for these volumes, 3 different experts delineated each tumor slice-by-slice with free display settings. A statistical consensus of the segmentations was then derived using the STAPLE algorithm to generate one surrogate of truth (fig. 3).
7
Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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Ga-68-labelled PSMA-11 was obtained commercially from Mallinckrodt/Curium Pharma (London, UK). Patients were injected intravenously with a median dose of 126 MBq Ga-68 PSMA–11 (range 106–154 MBq) and, 60 minutes after injection, were imaged from the base of the skull to midthighs using a Gemini PET/CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA). Data were acquired for 3.0 min per bed position following low-dose CT scan (120 kV, 50mAs) for attenuation correction. PET data sets were reconstructed using ordered subset expectation maximization iterative reconstruction incorporating time-of-flight (three iterations and 33 subsets). Data were corrected for randoms, scatter, and attenuation; matrix size was 144 × 144 (4 mm pixel spacing).
8
PET Imaging for Acute GIT-GVHD
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All participants with clinically suspected Acute GIT-GVHD symptoms underwent a PET scan.
Participants were asked to fast and refrain from vigorous activity for at least 6 hours prior to imaging.
Administered 18 F-FDG activity was 3 MBq/kg to a maximum of 400 MBq. Molecular imaging was performed on a Philips Gemini PET/CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA) with scan range extending from the skull base to the proximal femora, 60-80 minutes after IV injection of 3 MBq/kg of 18 F-FDG. Low dose co-registered CT was used for anatomical localization and attenuation correction.
All images were interpreted independently by nuclear medicine specialists experienced in PET (RK, MC and TB) blinded to all investigation results including Endoscopy. Results of the PET scan were not made available to the patient's treating clinicians and did not influence subsequent clinical management of the patient.
Participants were asked to fast and refrain from vigorous activity for at least 6 hours prior to imaging.
Administered 18 F-FDG activity was 3 MBq/kg to a maximum of 400 MBq. Molecular imaging was performed on a Philips Gemini PET/CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA) with scan range extending from the skull base to the proximal femora, 60-80 minutes after IV injection of 3 MBq/kg of 18 F-FDG. Low dose co-registered CT was used for anatomical localization and attenuation correction.
All images were interpreted independently by nuclear medicine specialists experienced in PET (RK, MC and TB) blinded to all investigation results including Endoscopy. Results of the PET scan were not made available to the patient's treating clinicians and did not influence subsequent clinical management of the patient.
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