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Anti p22phox

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

Anti-p22phox is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and study of the p22phox protein. p22phox is a subunit of the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex, which plays a role in the production of reactive oxygen species. Anti-p22phox can be used in various research applications, such as Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry, to analyze the expression and localization of p22phox in biological samples.

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16 protocols using anti p22phox

1

Neutrophil Fractionation and NADPH Oxidase Analysis

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After isolation from whole blood, 100 × 106 neutrophils were resuspended in 5 ml of HBSS+/+ and incubated with or without T2AA (25 or 50 µM) at 37°C for 1 h. Neutrophils were then stimulated with PMA (200 ng/ml) for 8 min while the mixture was gently shaken. Ice-cold buffer was added, and cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 400 g for 8 min at 4°C. The pellets were resuspended in relaxation buffer containing 1 mM ATP, 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM PMSF, 25 nM Calyculin, and 5 µg/ml of aprotinin, leupeptin, and pepstatin. The cells were then disrupted by sonication (twice for 10 s each time) at 4°C and centrifuged at 400 g for 8 min. The postnuclear supernatant was loaded onto a discontinuous sucrose gradient (35 and 15% sucrose) diluted in relaxation buffer and centrifuged for 45 min at 150,000 g. The cytosolic and membrane fractions (in the upper and the intermediate layers, respectively) were collected. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis using anti-p47phox (BD Transduction Laboratories), anti-p22phox (Santa Cruz), anti-phospho-p47phox, and anti-PCNA (clone PC10; Santa Cruz) mouse mAbs. Expression of p22phox and total p47phox served as a loading control in membrane fraction and cytosolic fraction, respectively.
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2

Neutrophil Signaling Pathway Analysis

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The N-fMLP peptide was synthesized and HPLC-purified by PRIMM (Milan, Italy). SDS-PAGE reagents were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Protein A/G Plus, anti-Flk1, anti-p-Flk1 (Tyr951), anti-p-Flk1 (Tyr996), anti-p-Flk1 (Tyr1175), anti-p-Flk1 (Tyr1214), anti-p-Tyr, anti-p47phox, anti-p22phox, anti-p-PLCγ1 (Y783), anti-PLCγ1, anti-PKCα, anti-PKCβII, anti-PKCζ, anti-PKCδ, anti-tubulin, anti-mouse, and anti-rabbit were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-p-PI3K (p85) and anti-p-Akt (Ser473) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-p-Ser, p22phox siRNA (SI03078523), and scramble control siRNA (SI03650318) were from Qiagen (Hiden, Germany). FPR1 siRNA (L-005140-00) and scramble control (D-001810-10) were purchased from Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO, USA). Protein A-horseradish peroxidase was from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). Pertussis toxin (PTX), apocynin, wortmannin, and LY294002 were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Erucin Synthesis and Cell Assays

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Erucin was produced by myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucoerucin isolated from Eruca sativa Mill. defatted seed meals according to Citi et al. [21 (link)]. Erucin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and this solution (10−2 M) was freshly diluted in the appropriate culture medium.
An aqueous solution of d-(+)-Glucose (45% w/w; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was diluted before each experiment in culture medium up to a final concentration of 25 mM. CelLytic™ MT Cell Lysis Reagent, Fluoromount Aqueous Mounting Medium, and 3 kDa FITC-Dextran were obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti-VE-Cadherin was obtained from Cell Signalling (Danvers, MA, USA) and anti-ZO-1 was obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti-SOD-1, anti-iNOS, anti-NF-KB and anti-p22phox antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-catalase and anti-β-actin were obtained from Merck KGaA, (Darmstadt, Germany).
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4

NOX4 and EGFR Signaling Pathway

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NOX4 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA) and Abcam (Cambridge, UK). NOX2 antibody was purchased from Abcam. Phosphorylated EGFR antibodies (Y845, Y1068, and Y992), Hoechest 33342 and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Invitrogen. Anti-EGFR, anti-c-Src, anti-p22phox, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-Bim antibody was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY). anti-Akt, Anti-phospho Akt (S473), anti- ERK1&2, anti-phospho ERK1&2 (T202/Y204), anti-phospho Src (Y416), anti-phospho EGFR (Y1068), anti-phospho GSK3β (S9), anti-STAT3, and anti-cleaved caspase-3 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Anti-EGFR (528) antibody was purchased from Abcam. Anti-β-actin antibody, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin, plumbagin and Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (Poly-HEMA) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, Missouri).
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5

Molecular Mechanisms of AMPK Regulation

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All of the drugs, including urethane, fructose, resveratrol, compound C, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the mouse anti-actin, goat anti-rabbit, and goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-p-AMPKT172, anti-AMPK, anti-ACCS79, anti-p-ERKT202/Y204, anti-ERK, anti-nNOSS1416, anti-nNOS, anti-eNOSS177, anti-eNOS, anti-iNOS, anti-p-RSKT359/S363, and anti-RSK antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-p22-phox and anti-nitrotyrosine were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-p47-phox and anti-p67-phox were purchased from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Anti-Cu/Zn-SOD and anti-Mn-SOD were obtained from StressGen Biotechnologies (La Jolla, CA, USA) and Abcam (Cambridge, UK), respectively.
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6

SDS-PAGE Reagents and Antibodies

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Reagents for SDS-PAGE were obtained from Bio-Rad (Richmond, CA, USA); dihydroethidium (DHE), RPMI 1640 culture medium, heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, Opti-MEM medium, Lipofectamine 2000, RIPA lysis buffer and Fura-2 AM were obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); Bradford Reagent and linoleic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); Insulin Ultra-Sensitive Assay kit was obtained from Cisbio (Codolet, France); GW9508 was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, England, UK); VAS2870 was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA); p22phox siRNA (#sc-61892), control siRNA (#sc-37007), anti-p47phox (#sc-14015; dilution 1:1000 in 5% BSA in TBST), anti-p22phox (#sc-271968; dilution 1:500 in 5% BSA in TBST) and anti-CD73 (#sc-25603; dilution 1:1000 in 5% BSA in TBST) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP (#ab205718; dilution 1:10,000 in 3% skimmed milk in TBST) and goat anti-mouse IgG HRP (#ab97023; dilution 1:10,000 in 3% skimmed milk in TBST) secondary antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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7

IHC Analysis of p22 phox and GFAP

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For IHC analysis, the free-floating method was used for the selected tissue in each treatment group. After washing the tissue 3× for 10 min each in 0.01 M PBS, the tissue was incubated at 80 °C for 60 min in a beaker containing 0.01 M sodium citrate, followed by blocking in 10% normal donkey serum (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA, USA). The tissue sample was then reacted with primary antibodies anti-p22 phox (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, dilution: 1:500) and anti-Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Abcam, dilution: 1:500) for 12 h at 4 °C. The following day, the tissue was washed 3× for 5 min each in 0.01 M PBS and then reacted with HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, dilution: 1:5000) at room temperature for 2 h. Finally, the tissue was incubated at room temperature using a Vectastain-Elite ABC kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) solution, and the results were visualized using the DAB Peroxidase Substrate Kit (Vector Laboratories). Each tissue slice was mounted on a slide using a mounting medium (Vector Laboratories) and inspected using a light microscope (Leica Microsystems).
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8

Aortic Tissue Protein Analysis

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Proteins in the aortic tissue were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel and blotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, USA). First, the membranes were blocked, then probed with specific antibodies. The antibodies used were as follows: anti-phosphorylated eNOS (Ser1177, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-eNOS (BD Transduction Laboratories), anti-p22phox (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-p47phox (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Cu/Zn-SOD (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Antibody binding was detected using an ECL system, and Image J software was used for densitometric analysis.
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9

Immunoblotting Analysis of Oxidative Stress Markers

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Cells were harvested and lysed with RIPA (20 mM Tris PH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 2.5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Na3VO4, 0.5 μg/ml leupeptin, 1 mM PMSF). For immunoblotting, proteins from whole-cell lysates were resolved by 10 or 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and then transferred to PVDF membranes. Anti-NOX4(Novus), anti-p22phox(Santa Cruz), anti-HIF1α(BD science), anti-Actin(Beyotime), anti-PCNA(CST) and anti-caspase 3(abcam) antibodies were used at 1:1000 and secondary antibodies (Beyotime) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used at 1:1000 dilutions in 5% non-fat dry milk. After the final washing, PVDF membranes were exposed for an enhanced chemiluminescence assay using the Gel imaging instrument (BIO-RAD ChemiDoc MP).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Redox Regulators

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Our detailed method has been described previously [30 (link)]. Antibodies used were as follows: anti-p67phox (x5000, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), anti-p22phox (x2000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (x2000, Abcam, Camgridge, UK). The intensity of the bands was quantified using NIH Image analysis software v1.61. In individual samples, each value was corrected for that of GAPDH.
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