1H NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker Avance 400 MHz instrument (Switzerland). CDCl3 was used as the solvent. The mean particle size and ζ-potential of micellar aggregates were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, UK). DLS samples (micelles with/without DOX-loaded) were prepared in water, and was filtered using a 0.22 μm Nylon Syringe Filter prior to the measurements. The molecular weight distribution was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with a 1260 Infinity Isocratic Pump and an RI detector (Agilent, US). DMF containing 0.1 mol% LiBr was the elute and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Linear poly(methyl methacrylate) standards from Fluka were used for calibration. FT-IR spectra were recorded in ATR mode (Golden gate) on a Tensor 27 Bruker spectrometer (Germany). The particles were imaged using a Tecnai G2 F20 TWIN transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV and equipped with a field-emission gun (FEI, Netherland). The sample was placed onto a Quantifoil grid, followed by utilizing Vitrobot, and then flash frozen in liquid ethane. The images were recorded at magnification of 14,500 and 25,000 with a 4 K * 4 K eagle CCD camera and defocus ranging from 2 to 3 μm. Confocal images of the samples were taken using the Leica TCS SP5 (Germany).
Ri detector
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States
The RI (Refractive Index) detector is a type of analytical instrument used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. Its core function is to measure the refractive index of the mobile phase eluting from the HPLC column. This information can be used to identify and quantify the components in a sample.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tcs sp5, by Leica (1 mentions)
Tensor 27 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Field emission gun, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Zetasizer nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Avance 400 mhz instrument, by Bruker (1 mentions)
1260 infinity isocratic pump, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Hpx 87h ion exclusion column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
168 series hplc system, by Knauer (1 mentions)
Agilent 1200 series hplc system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Hi plex h column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Hp1100 hplc system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Astra software, by Wyatt Technology (1 mentions)
Multi angle laser light scattering detector, by Wyatt Technology (1 mentions)
Agilent 1200 hplc, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
6 protocols using ri detector
1
Characterization of Micellar Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
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1H NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker Avance 400 MHz instrument (Switzerland). CDCl3 was used as the solvent. The mean particle size and ζ-potential of micellar aggregates were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, UK). DLS samples (micelles with/without DOX-loaded) were prepared in water, and was filtered using a 0.22 μm Nylon Syringe Filter prior to the measurements. The molecular weight distribution was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with a 1260 Infinity Isocratic Pump and an RI detector (Agilent, US). DMF containing 0.1 mol% LiBr was the elute and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Linear poly(methyl methacrylate) standards from Fluka were used for calibration. FT-IR spectra were recorded in ATR mode (Golden gate) on a Tensor 27 Bruker spectrometer (Germany). The particles were imaged using a Tecnai G2 F20 TWIN transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV and equipped with a field-emission gun (FEI, Netherland). The sample was placed onto a Quantifoil grid, followed by utilizing Vitrobot, and then flash frozen in liquid ethane. The images were recorded at magnification of 14,500 and 25,000 with a 4 K * 4 K eagle CCD camera and defocus ranging from 2 to 3 μm. Confocal images of the samples were taken using the Leica TCS SP5 (Germany).
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1H NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker Avance 400 MHz instrument (Switzerland). CDCl3 was used as the solvent. The mean particle size and ζ-potential of micellar aggregates were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, UK). DLS samples (micelles with/without DOX-loaded) were prepared in water, and was filtered using a 0.22 μm Nylon Syringe Filter prior to the measurements. The molecular weight distribution was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with a 1260 Infinity Isocratic Pump and an RI detector (Agilent, US). DMF containing 0.1 mol% LiBr was the elute and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Linear poly(methyl methacrylate) standards from Fluka were used for calibration. FT-IR spectra were recorded in ATR mode (Golden gate) on a Tensor 27 Bruker spectrometer (Germany). The particles were imaged using a Tecnai G2 F20 TWIN transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV and equipped with a field-emission gun (FEI, Netherland). The sample was placed onto a Quantifoil grid, followed by utilizing Vitrobot, and then flash frozen in liquid ethane. The images were recorded at magnification of 14,500 and 25,000 with a 4 K * 4 K eagle CCD camera and defocus ranging from 2 to 3 μm. Confocal images of the samples were taken using the Leica TCS SP5 (Germany).
2
Quantification of Residual Sugars and Metabolites
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Residual sugars quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which includes the Aminex HPX-87H Ion Exclusion column (300 × 7.8 mm) attached with a refractive index (R.I.) detector (Agilent Techologies, USA) [39] . The supernatant was collected every 48 h and was diluted to 100m× with 4 mM sulphuric acid. Sample of 10 uL injected into the column maintained at 40 ºC using 4 mM H 2 SO 4 as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.3 mL min -1 and a run time of 50 min [40] . The peak area of standard glycerol (Sigma Aldrich Pvt. Ltd., USA) used as reference. Nitrate uptake by the cells was measured spectrophotometrically [41] . Briefly, 1 mL of culture was pelleted down at room temperature (RT), and supernatant was diluted 50-fold with deionized water. The residual nitrate content was determined by measuring the absorbance at 220 nm. Urea estimation was done as described in Jung et al [42, 43] . Briefly supernatant was used directly to perform the assay, 50 μL of supernatant was transferred into a clear flat-bottom 96-well plate. Then 200 μL of freshly prepared working reagent was added and mixed quickly by gently rocking the plate. The reaction was incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Optical densities (OD) at 430 nm were measured on the plate reader for measuring the urea content in the medium.
3
Organic Acid Analysis in Batch Cultures
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Supernatants from the batch cultures were filtered through 0.2 μm cellulose acetate membranes. The chromatographic analysis was performed using a Beckman & Coulter 168 series HPLC system with refractive index-RI detector (Knauer, Berlin, Germany). The separation was performed using Aminex HPX-87H column (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA) operated at 50 °C; mobile phase, 0.003 mol/L H2SO4; flow, 0.6 mL/min. Aliquots of the filtered samples were assayed for organic acids (lactic, acetic, succinic, propionic and butyric) using an Agilent 1200 series HPLC system with an RI detector (Agilent, Germany) and a UV detector.
4
Cell Wall Carbohydrate Analysis Protocol
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Cell wall carbohydrates were analyzed using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) protocol by Sluiter et al. (2008 ). One hundred milligrams of extract-free sample was hydrolyzed with 1 mL of 72 % H2SO4 at 30 °C for 1 h. Samples were diluted with deionized water to 4 % H2SO4, and then treated at 121 °C for 1 h. Liberated monomeric sugars were identified and quantified with an Agilent/HP 1200 HPLC equipped with an RI detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). The HPLC analysis was carried out using a Hi-Plex H column (Agilent Technologies), operating at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min−1 using 5 mM H2SO4 as a mobile phase. A PAL-1 portable refractometer (ATGO U.S.A., Inc., Bellevue, WA) was used to determine the percentage of soluble solids in the extracted juice (˚Brix).
5
Protein Molar Mass Determination
6
HPLC Analysis of Sugar Composition
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For analysis of sugar composition, the sample was treated with 0.45 μm filter (DISMIC-13HP, Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and was separated with an Agilent 1200 HPLC (Agilent Technologies), equipped with Kromasil 100-10 NH2 column (Eka Chemicals AB, Bohus, Sweden) and RI detector (Agilent Technologies). Injection volume was 20 μL, and mobile phase was 75% acetonitrile and 25% water at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 30°C.
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