All chemicals were used without further purification. Sigma‐Aldrich: (3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS, 99 %), sodium silicate solution (27 %), Rhodamine 6G, RhCl3 (98 %), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (>98 %); Alfa Aesar: HAuCl4 ⋅ 3H2O (99.99 % metal basis); Merck: hydrochloric acid (37 %); and Acros Organics: trisodium citrate dihydrate (99 %). Water was purified with Milli‐Q system (18.2 MΩ) before use. Argon (99.999 %), hydrogen (99.999 %), oxygen (99.999 %), and nitric oxide (10 % NO in He), quality>4.5 (>99.995 %) were purchased from Linde Gas.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany, United States
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a water-soluble salt used as a buffer and chelating agent in various laboratory applications. It helps maintain a specific pH range and binds to metal ions in solutions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Sodium silicate solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonia solution, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Haucl4 3h2o, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gold 3 chloride trihydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Urea, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L cysteine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium sulfate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chloroauric acid trihydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Pd 10 column, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Coomassie protein assay reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
24 protocols using trisodium citrate dihydrate
1
Synthesis of Rhodamine-Doped Silica Nanoparticles
2
Synthesis of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles
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(3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS, 97%), sodium silicate solution (reagent grade), rhodamine 6G (95%), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH HCl, >98%) from Sigma-Aldrich; ammonia solution (28–30%) from VWR International; HAuCl4·3H2O (99.99% metals basis) from Alfa Aesar; trisodium citrate dihydrate (99%) from Acros Organics; hydrochloric acid (Emsure, 37%) from Merck. Before use, demineralized water was purified with a Milli-Q system (18.2 MΩ). All chemicals were used as received.
3
Engineered Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Silver nitrate (99.8%, AgNO3), magnesium sulfate (99%, MgSO4), trisodium citrate dihydrate (≥99.5%, C6H5Na3O7·2H2O), and ascorbic acid (99%, C6H8O6), were acquired from Acros Organics. 4-aminothioPhenol (≥97%, ATP), sodium nitrite (98%, NaNO2), and hydrochloric acid (36.5–38%, HCl) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Phenol (99%, C6H5OH), sodium hydroxide (≥99.5%, NaOH), L-Glutathione reduced (99.72%, C10H17N3O6S), L-Glutathione oxidized (99.72%, C20H32N6O12S2), and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (99%, CH3O(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2SH, 800 ethylene monomers repetitions, Mw ~ 35 kDa), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Phosphate buffered saline tablets, and L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (98.5%, C3H10ClNO3S) were purchased from Thermo Fisher. All reactants were used without further purification. Milli-Q water (18 MU cm−1) was used in all aqueous solutions. All glassware was cleaned with aqua regia before the experiments.
4
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
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The following chemicals were purchased and used as received: (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS, 97 %), sodium silicate solution (27 % SiO2 in 14 % NaOH), titanium(IV) (triethanoloaminato) isopropoxide solution (TTEAIP, 80 wt % in isopropanol), Rhodamine 6G, RuCl3⋅ x H2O (40–49 % Ru content), RhCl3 (98 %), H2PtCl6 (8 wt % in H2O), PdCl2 (≥99.9 %), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (>98 %) from Sigma–Aldrich; ammonia solution (28–30 %) from VWR International; HAuCl4⋅ 3 H2O (99.99 % metals basis) from Alfa Aesar; trisodium citrate dihydrate (99 %) from Acros Organics; 2‐propanol (CHROMASOLV™ LC‐MS >99 %) from Honeywell; hydrochloric acid (Emsure, 37 %) from Merck. Demineralized water was purified with a Milli‐Q system (18.2 MΩ) before use.
5
Gold(III) Chloride Functionalization Protocol
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Gold(III) chloride trihydrate, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbo
diimide (EDC), and SDS were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),
and sodium borohydride obtained from Merck, EDTA from Gruessing, trisodium
citrate dihydrate from Acros organics,d -glucose from Roth,
and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) from Alfa Aesar were used
as received. DE was purchased from Supelco (calcined, purified).
diimide (EDC), and SDS were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),
and sodium borohydride obtained from Merck, EDTA from Gruessing, trisodium
citrate dihydrate from Acros organics,
and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) from Alfa Aesar were used
as received. DE was purchased from Supelco (calcined, purified).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Porphyrin-Based Compounds
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All chemicals were used as received without further purication. Lithium chloride 99.0% and tetramethyl ammonium chloride >99.0% were purchased from Fluka, trisodium citrate dihydrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 $2H 2 O, 98%) and a,a,a-triuorotoluene 99+% (TFT) were received from Acros, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III)trihydrate (HAuCl 4 $3H 2 O, 99.999%, 49% Au) was purchased Alfa Aesar, ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 ) was obtained from Riedel-de-Haem, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) iron(II) (DMFc) was received from STREM and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was purchased from Sigma.
The organic phase supporting electrolyte, bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium tetrakis(pentauorophenyl)borate (BATB), was prepared through metathesis of aqueous equimolar solutions of BACl and LiTB-DEE purum. The resulting precipitates were ltered, washed, and recrystallized from an acetone : methanol (1 : 1) mixture. 34 The porphyrin used in this study, zinc(II) 5,15-(di-4-sulfonatophenyl)-10,20-(di-N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin disodium dichloride (ZnDMPyDSPP), was obtained from PorphyChem (France) using a custom synthesis. As the compound contained non water soluble impurities, the product was rst dissolved in water and ltered through 0.22 mm HPLC PTFE lters (Infochroma AG) before use. The nal concentration of the porphyrin was measured using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.
The organic phase supporting electrolyte, bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium tetrakis(pentauorophenyl)borate (BATB), was prepared through metathesis of aqueous equimolar solutions of BACl and LiTB-DEE purum. The resulting precipitates were ltered, washed, and recrystallized from an acetone : methanol (1 : 1) mixture. 34 The porphyrin used in this study, zinc(II) 5,15-(di-4-sulfonatophenyl)-10,20-(di-N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin disodium dichloride (ZnDMPyDSPP), was obtained from PorphyChem (France) using a custom synthesis. As the compound contained non water soluble impurities, the product was rst dissolved in water and ltered through 0.22 mm HPLC PTFE lters (Infochroma AG) before use. The nal concentration of the porphyrin was measured using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.
7
Formulation and Characterization of rhIL-1ra
8
Analytical Methods for Pectin Characterization
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Ultrapure water was obtained from a PURELAB flex 2 water purification system (ELGA LabWater, Paris, France). Ethanol (99.7%) and acetic acid were purchased from VWR (Mannheim, Germany). Ethanol (HPLC grade) and citric acid monohydrate (≥95.5%) were obtained from Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). MEthanol (HPLC grade) and sulphuric acid (95%) were from Th. Geyer (Renningen, Germany). Formic acid (99.9%), malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium salt (≥97%), potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (≥98%), and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). n-Propanol, propionic acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid and sodium azide were purchased from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany); sodium hydroxide was from Honeywell (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). D-(+)-GalAc monohydrate (99%) was obtained from Fluka (Munich, Germany), sodium nitrate (99%) was from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), and trisodium citrate dihydrate (≥98%) was from Alpha Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Sugar beet pectin Betapec RU 301, apple pectin Classic AU-L 036/18 (low methylated, DM 38%) and apple pectin Classic AU-L 022/17 (high methylated, DM 71%) were kindly provided by Herbstreith & Fox GmbH & Co. KG (Neuenbürg, Germany).
9
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Metal-Based Nanostructures
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Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (CAS: 10025-77-1), urea 99.3+% (CAS: 57-13-6), ethylene glycol 99% (CAS: 107-21-1), trisodium citrate dihydrate 99% (CAS: 6132-04-3), ammonium molybdate 99% (CAS 13106-76-8), zinc(II) chloride 98% (CAS 7646 85 7), and cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate 98% (CAS 7791-13-1) were supplied by Alfa Aesar. Succinic acid (CAS: 110-15-6), ammonium hydroxide solution 25% (CAS: 1336-21-6), and nickel(II) chloride 98% (CAS 7718-54-9) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 99% (CTAB) (CAS: 57-09-0) by Roth. Deionized water was used for all experiments.
10
Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes Synthesis
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Acetic acid (99.8%), chitosan (MW = 45 kDa, degree of acetylation >75.0%), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate III trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.9%), and N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazyne-N’-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES), ammonia solution, glutaraldehyde solution, pyrocatechol, 2-aminothiophenol (≥99.0%), bisphenol-A (≥99.0%), 2-nitrophenol (98.0%), 4-aminothiophenol (97.0%), and 4-tert-butylcatechol (≥99.0%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, 0.1 M) was prepared with Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4 and NaCl salt also obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Tri-sodium citrate dihydrate (99.0%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). Acetone, ethanol (98%), sulfuric acid (95%), hydrogen peroxide (30.0% in water), and 4-nitrophenol (≥99.5%) were purchased from Fluka (München, Germany).
Aqueous solutions were prepared using Milli Q water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ∙cm).
Boron-doped diamond electrodes were provided by NEOCOAT company (La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland). 300 nm thick polycrystalline boron-doped diamond with boron concentration higher than 7000–8000 ppm was grown by MPECVD on a highly doped silicon substrate.
Aqueous solutions were prepared using Milli Q water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ∙cm).
Boron-doped diamond electrodes were provided by NEOCOAT company (La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland). 300 nm thick polycrystalline boron-doped diamond with boron concentration higher than 7000–8000 ppm was grown by MPECVD on a highly doped silicon substrate.
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