Flash 2000 chns o analyzer

The elemental composition was determined using a Thermo Scientific^TM FLASH 2000 CHNS/O Analyzer (Waltham, MA, USA) mounted with a thermal conductivity detector. The samples were prepared in crucibles made of tin (CHNS analysis) or silver (O analysis) and weighed with an accuracy of 0.000001 g. The composition of specific elements was determined using the calibration curve. L-cysteine, L-methionine, and sulphanilamide were used as standards in CHNS mode, while acetanilide and benzoic acid were used for calibration in O-mode, respectively.

All reactions were carried out in air unless otherwise stated. All solvents used were reagent grade, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and dried under nitrogen before use. 1-Phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol, chlorodiphenylphosphine, chlorobis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine, bis(3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)chloro phosphine, and sodium methoxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Iridium(III) chloride was purchased from Heraeus South Africa and used as received. [Ir(C₅Me₅)Cl₂]₂ (White et al., 1992 ) was synthesized according to literature procedures. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker 400-MHz NMR spectrometer (¹H at 400 MHz, ¹³C{¹H} at 100 MHz, and ¹³P{¹H} NMR 161.99 MHz). Spectrometer chemical shifts were reported relative to the internal standard tetramethylsilane (δ 0.00 ppm) and referenced to the residual proton and carbon signals at 7.24 and 77.0 ppm, respectively, of CDCl₃. Infrared spectra were obtained neat using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum BX II fitted with an ATR probe. Melting points were obtained using a Gallenkamp Digital Melting-point Apparatus 5A 6797. Elemental analysis was performed on a Thermos Scientific FLASH 2000 CHNS-O Analyzer. Mass spectrometry was performed using Waters Synapt G2 mass spectrometer with both ESI positive and Cone Voltage 15 V. XRD spectra were obtained from a Bruker APEX-II CCD Diffractometer.

The compounds EuCl₃·6H₂O (99.9%, Aldrich) and 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-hexanedione (hth) (Apollo Scientific), and the co-ligands dpso (97%, Aldrich), dpsoCH₃ (97%, Aldrich), dpsoCl (97%, Aldrich), and tppo (>98%, Fluka) were used without further purification. The NMR spectra of the complexes, in CDCl₃ (99.8%, Cambridge Isotope Labs) at 25 °C, were recorded on a Varian Mercury 400 MHz and on an Agilent DD2 500 MHz equipped with the OneNMR probe NMR spectrometers. The infrared spectra were recorded using a VERTEX 70v Bruker FT-IR spectrometer, examining powder samples in anhydrous KBr via diffuse reflection spectroscopy. Elemental analyses were carried out using a Thermo Scientific™ FLASH 2000 CHNS/O Analyzer at the Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara.

As the edible fungi P. ostreatus M2140 (oyster mushroom) was included in second experiment, total protein and amino acid composition of fungal biomass produced was also determined. Total amount of protein was analysed by the Dumas method [13 (link)], using a Thermo Scientific™ FLASH 2000 CHNS/O Analyzer and a conversion factor of 4.38 for total nitrogen [14 (link)]. Amino acid composition (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine) was determined at a certified laboratory (Eurofins Food & Agro Testing Sweden AB, Linköping, Sweden) by ion exchange chromatography according to the method by Llames and Fontaine [15 ].

The elemental analysis CHNS/O was performed by using a Thermo Scientific™ FLASH 2000 CHNS/O Analyzer (Waltham, MA, USA). Compounds were weighed to an accuracy of ±0.000001 g in tin crucibles (2–3 mg) for analysis in CHNS mode, and in silver crucibles (1–2 mg) in oxygen mode, respectively. 2,5-(Bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzo-oxazol-2-yl) thiophene (BBOT), sulfanilamide, L-cysteine, and L-methionine were used as standards to calibrate the device in CHNS mode. In oxygen mode, acetanilide and benzoic acid were used.