The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France): bisphenol-A (BPA purity >99%), triclosan (TCS >97%), benzophenone-3 (BP3_98%), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209 98%), sodium perchlorate (>98%), 4-4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylen (4,4′-DDE 99%), hexachlorobenzene (HCB 99.9%), dibutylphtalate (DBP 99%), diethylhexylphtalate (DEHP 99%), PCB-153, 2-Naphtol (99%), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS >98%), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA >98%), methyl mercury chloride (>99.9%), lead chloride (98%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, 3,3′,5,5′tetraiodo-L-thyronine T4 >98%) and triiodothyronine (T3 99%). NH-3, a thyroid hormone antagonist18 (link) was synthesized by AGV Discovery (France), absence of contamination by benzofurane was verified56 (link). All chemicals were dissolved at 10−1 M in DMSO, with the exception of HCB (10−1 M in acetone) and BDE 209 (10−2 M in DMSO). These solutions were aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use. T3 was prepared in 30% NaOH, 70% milliQ Water at 10−2 M concentration, aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use. The chemical mixture was prepared at 105-fold concentration by mixing appropriate volumes of stocks as described in Supplementary Table 1 , aliquoted and stored at −20 °C.
Bde 209
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
BDE-209 is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is primarily used as a reference standard in analytical chemistry applications. The core function of BDE-209 is to serve as a calibration and quality control material for the identification and quantification of similar compounds in samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
De 79, by Wellington Laboratories (2 mentions)
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium perchlorate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Decabromodiphenyl ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexachlorobenzene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dibutylphtalate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Perfluorooctanoic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pcb 153, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bisphenol a, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Benzophenone 3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 naphtol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triclosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Humic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Human insulin, by Roche (1 mentions)
Perilipin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Bovine calf serum (bcs), by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Wisent (1 mentions)
Bde 47, by AccuStandard (1 mentions)
Bde 100, by AccuStandard (1 mentions)
7 protocols using bde 209
1
Preparation of Ecotoxicological Chemical Mixture
2
Synthesis and Characterization of PBDE Compounds
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BDE209 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). BDE203, BDE204, and a standard solution of PBDEs (EO5103) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL, Andover, MA, USA). Tetra-n-butyl titanate, melamine, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile were analytical reagents (Chemical Co., Shanghai, China). They were used without further purification. Deionized and doubly distilled water was used throughout the study.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of BDE209-Humic Acid Complexes
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BDE209, humic acid and the total deuterium with methanol (CD3OD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Melamine, FeCl3·6H2O, FeCl2·4H2O, and NH3·H2O solution (25%), were purchased from Chemical Co., Shanghai. 2-Propanol (i-PrOH), THF, DMF, DMSO, CH3OH, C2H5OH, hexane, toluene, and acetone were analytical reagents (Chemical Co., Shanghai) and were used without further purification. Deionized and doubly distilled water were used throughout the study.
4
Sourcing and Characterization of Flame Retardants
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DE‐71 was a gift from Doug Arnold (Health Canada), from stock provided by Chemtura (Lawrenceville, GA). DE‐79 was purchased from Wellington Laboratories (Guelph, Ontario, Canada), and BDE‐209 (>97% pure) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The HBCDD mixture was a gift from Ivan Curran (Health Canada).
5
Adipogenesis Protocol with PBDE Exposure
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Chemicals and reagents were obtained from the following manufacturers: DMEM/low glucose media and bovine calf serum (HyClone Laboratories, Thermo Scientific, Logan, Utah, U.S.A.); fetal bovine serum (Wisent Inc., Saint-Bruno, Quebec, Canada); human insulin (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.); 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, Ontario, Canada). PBDEs were obtained as follows: the technical mixture DE-71 was generously provided by Dr. Doug Arnold (Health Canada), from stock provided by Chemtura (Lawrenceville, Georgia, U.S.A.); DE-79 (Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario, Canada); purified BDE-47, BDE-28, BDE-100, and BDE-154 (AccuStandard Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.); purified BDE-209 (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, Ontario, Canada). Antibodies were purchased as follows: fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A); perilipin and β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, Massachusetts, U.S.A).
6
BDE-209 Exposure in Domestic Cats
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Thirteen-months-old male cats (Felis catus, 3–4 kg, n = 6) were obtained from Kitayama Labs Co., Ltd. (Japan) and fed with animal foods containing 3,917 kcal/kg of energy, including 44.5% protein, 9.7% fat, and 2.3% fiber (Nosan Co., Yokohama, Japan) and unlimited water supply. After 3-month acclimatization, the cats were divided into two groups: control (n = 3) and treatment (n = 3). The treatment group was provided oral treatment with BDE-209 (≥98% purity; Sigma- Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) at 7 mg/kg/week in capsule, whereas the control group was provided only capsules. Clinical signs were checked by veterinary doctors, and body weights of the control and treatment cats were measured every month. The blood samples collected at the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 30th, 36th, 42nd, 48th, and 54th week were subjected to centrifugation at 1,500xg for 15 min, and the supernatant serum was then collected and stored at -80°C until further analyses. After 1-year treatment, the cats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and euthanized by KCl injection, and various organs, including the liver, brain, kidney, adrenal gland, heart, lung, pancreas, spleen, testis, small intestine, and thyroid gland as well as visceral and subcutaneous fat, were weighed. The liver sample was preserved in RNAlater for gene expression studies.
7
Decabromodiphenyl Ether Quantification
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Methanol, N,N-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide, D-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, and acetonitrile were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Ultrapure water was purified using a RFD280NC system (ADVAN-TEC, Dublin, CA, USA). BDE-209 and all other reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), as described previously (Miyaso et al., 2012 (Miyaso et al., , 2014)) .
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