The 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette (University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA) was used as the representative conventional combustible cigarette and conditioned at 22 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 3% relative humidity for at least 48 h before use.
The oxidative stress inducers sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and t-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) [33 (link), 34 (link)]. The DNA damage inducers cisplatin and bleomycin were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) respectively [35 (link), 36 (link)]. Human recombinant TNFα and IL-1β were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and used as inflammatory response mediators.
The oxidative stress inducers sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and t-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) [33 (link), 34 (link)]. The DNA damage inducers cisplatin and bleomycin were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) respectively [35 (link), 36 (link)]. Human recombinant TNFα and IL-1β were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and used as inflammatory response mediators.