tetraethylene pentamine, triethylene tetramene, and GNPE were purchased
from Aldrich company and used without further purification. Xylene
(99.5%) was purchased from Sinpharm Chemical Reagent Corporation.
ARBREAK 8846 is a commercial demulsifier produced by Baker Petrolite
Corporation. Chemically, ARBREAK 8846 is mainly based on a high-molecular
weight oxyalkylated alkylphenolic resin. Riyadh refinery unit; Aramco
Co. was the supplier for Arabian heavy crude oil with specifications
listed in
The heavy crude oil and sea water, gathered from Arabian Gulf at Dammam
coast, were utilized to prepare synthetic emulsions with the ratios
of (90/10, 70/30, and 50/50 vol %) heavy crude oil/water.