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44 protocols using d 10 hemoglobin testing system

1

Quantification of 25-OH Vitamin D Levels

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25-OH vitamin D levels in both control and patient serum samples were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC, D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. Hercules, CA, USA). Briefly; 500 µL of precipitation reagent was added into a sample preparation vial following with 400 µL of serum sample. Afterwards 400 µL of internal standard (IS) was cooled and samples were vortexed for 30 s and finally centrifuged at 11,000 rpm for 5 min. 50 µL of upper phase of supernatant was injected and peaks were identified. Finally, concentration of vitamin D levels was calculated using formula; Concentration of Analyte = (Area of Sample × Concentration of analyte of calibrator)/(Area analyte of calibrator × Recovery).
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2

Anthropometric and Metabolic Profile Assessment

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Blood samples and anthropometrics were collected at two time points: baseline and after a 12-month follow-up. Height (cm), weight (cm), body mass index BMI (kg/m2), waist (cm) and hip (cm) circumferences, Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively, measured as the average of 2 readings with a 15-min interval, using pediatric cut-offs appropriate for children’s sizes).
All participants were instructed to come in a 10-h overnight fasting state to their respective schools. Fasting blood samples were collected by trained nurses at baseline and after intervention. Fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were measured using a standard routine laboratory analysis (Konelab, Finland). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was calculated using the Friedwald equation. HbA1c was analyzed using the D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System (ion-exchange chromatography) (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Overweight and obese were classified according to sex, age and BMI percentile for children as done previously [35 (link),36 (link)].
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3

Adolescent Capillary HbA1c Measurement

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Capillary blood samples were collected from adolescents through finger sticks. HbA1c values were measured at a central laboratory shared by both recruitment sites utilizing the standard method (Clover A1c Analyzer, Bio-Rad D10 hemoglobin testing system Specifications).
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4

CRISPR-mediated genome editing of CD34+ cells

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CD34+ cells were thawed and maintained in X-VIVO complete medium for 24 hours. 100,000 cells per condition were electroporated using the Lonza 4D nucleofector with 100 pmol 3×NLS-Cas9 protein and 300 pmol modified sgRNA targeting the gene of interest. In addition to mock treated cells, AAVS1 targeting or “safe-targeting” RNPs were used as experimental controls as indicated in each figure legend. After electroporation cells were differentiated to erythroblasts as described previously53 . 4 days after electroporation, genomic DNA was isolated from an aliquot of cells, the sgRNA targeted locus was amplified by PCR and processed for Sanger sequencing. Sequencing results were analyzed by Synthego’s ICE algorithm to obtain editing efficiency and allele contributions. At the end of erythroid culture (day 18) cells were processed for surface marker / enucleation analysis by staining with anti-CD71 (PE-Cy7 conjugated, eBioscience #25-0719-42), anti-CD235a (APC conjugated, eBioscience #17-9987-42) and Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen #H3570) following manufacturer’s recommendations for antibody concentration and flow cytometry data acquisition on the BD LSR Fortessa. Cells were also processed for hemoglobin HPLC using the Bio-Rad D-10 hemoglobin testing system.
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5

Evaluation of Metabolic Biomarkers in Blood

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Blood samples were obtained and collected to evaluate the concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The samples were stored in accordance with the kit instructions until testing at −20 or −80 °C. The samples were prepared for testing in accordance with the instructions provided with the laboratory kit. Concentrations of plasma glucose were measured by the hexokinase enzymatic colorimetric assay (Cobas c111, Roche Diagnostics Ltd., Risch-Rotkreuz, Switzerland). Serum insulin concentrations were evaluated by immunoradiometric assay (INS-Irma, DIASource S.A., Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Wallac Wizard 1470 Automatic Gamma Counter, PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Turku, Finland). Concentrations of lipids were evaluated by enzymatic colorimetric assay using commercially available kits (Cobas c111, Roche Diagnostic Ltd., Risch-Rotkreuz, Switzerland). HbA1c levels were assessed using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography; D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA by France, Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette).
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6

Comprehensive Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiling

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Plasma glucose, serum lipid panel including total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides were analyzed on a Cobas 8000 c701 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). HbA1c was measured on D‐10 Hemoglobin Testing System (Bio‐Rad, USA) using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Serum C‐peptide was detected on Cobas 8000 e602 Analyzer using chemiluminescence method. Plasma levels of enteroendocrine hormones, including glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1; active; Millipore Cat# EGLP‐35 K), GLP‐2 (Millipore Cat # EZGLP2‐37 K), and peptide YY (PYY; Millipore Cat# EZHPYYT‐66 K) were analyzed by commercial ELISA kits. Plasma inflammatory cytokines were measured using the Meso scale discovery U‐Plex assay system with customizedly configurated panels (Meso Scale diagnostics LLC, Rockville, MD). Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) was measured by commercial ELISA kit (DAKEWE Cat # DKW12‐1710).
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7

Biochemical Marker Measurement Protocol

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Fasting glucose was measured with Architect c4000 clinical chemistry analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbotpark, IL, USA) using standard kits offered by the manufacturer. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography (D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System, BioRad, France). The lipid profile was measured by Architect c4000 analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbotpark, IL, USA).
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8

Diabetes Care Management Education

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Study commenced with an orientation program on diabetes care management. A self-structured questionnaire was used to record demographic information of study participants as well as to identify diabetes self-management practices (S3 File). A diabetologist along with a certified dietician provided diabetes care management education using a Power Point Presentation (PPT) (S4 & S5 Files). After interaction and doubt clarification, 2.5mL blood was collected for HbA1C investigations from each participant. Samples were processed in the clinical laboratory of department of Bio-chemistry using D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System from Bio-Rad (Bio-Rad Laboratories India Pvt Ltd, Gurugram, Haryana, India), which separates HbA1C based on the Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) principle.
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9

Blood Collection and Analysis Protocol

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Blood samples for biochemical and hematology analysis were drawn by venipuncture of the antecubital vein using a 21-gauge needle and the Sarstedt S-Monovette blood collection system (Sarstedt AG & Co., Nümbrecht, Germany) following application of a light tourniquet. For complete blood count analysis and HbA1c levels, EDTA anticoagulant was used. For biochemical analysis, blood was collected in serum separator tubes. Standard blood tests were performed by means of the hematology analyzer (ELITech Group, Puteaux, France). HbA1c level was measured on D-10 analyzer (D-10 hemoglobin testing system, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., California, USA).
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10

Metabolic Profile of Diabetes Patients

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A detailed history regarding the medical, obstetric and family profile of diabetes was obtained from all the participants. A general physical examination was carried out with specific reference to the anthropometric measures and signs of insulin resistance. Body mass index (BMI) is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. A fasting venous blood sample was collected from each participant after an overnight fast of 10 h. This sample was analyzed for glucose, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD), PTH, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Thereafter, patients were given 75 g glucose solution orally, and venous samples were collected after 1 and 2 h for estimation of glucose and insulin. Glucose was estimated by the glucose oxidase method within 1 h of the sample collection and HbA1c by the cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography method using the D10 hemoglobin testing system manufactured by Bio-Rad Laboratories. The levels of insulin, 25OHD and PTH were estimated with the IRMA kit (Beckman Coulter) using the Stratec SR300 automated radioimmunoassay system (STRATEC Biomedical Systems AG, Birkenfeld, Germany). The inter- and intraassay coefficient of variation for all the tests is < 8% in our laboratory.
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