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Prodigy scanner

Manufactured by GE Healthcare
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The Prodigy Scanner is a compact, high-performance laboratory imaging system designed for small animal imaging research. The Prodigy Scanner utilizes advanced imaging technology to capture detailed images of small animals, enabling researchers to study various biological processes and disease models.

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Lab products found in correlation

Somatom sensation 10, by Siemens (2 mentions) Elisa, by Linco Research (1 mentions) Elisa, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Radioimmunoassay, by Linco Research (1 mentions) Biodex multi joint system pro with advantage software v 4x, by Mirion Technologies (1 mentions) Encore software, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)

9 protocols using prodigy scanner

1

Total Body Composition Analysis by DEXA

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Total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed using the Prodigy Scanner (General Electric, Madison, WI) and analyzed with version 10.51.006 software. DEXA uses tissue absorption of x-ray beams to identify different body composition components (bone mineral content, lean body mass, and fat mass) and provide quantitative data on body composition [23 (link),24 (link)].
Zampino M., AlGhatrif M., Kuo P.L., Simonsick E.M, & Ferrucci L. (2020). Longitudinal Changes in Resting Metabolic Rates with Aging Are Accelerated by Diseases. Nutrients, 12(10), 3061.
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2

Metabolic Markers in Aging Adults

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We studied 248 BLSA participants without diabetes, who were 51–97 years old (mean age 73.5 ± 9.6 years, 46.4% men) with available data from 31P-MRS, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and confounders. Information on race (Caucasian vs other), smoking (current smoker, former smoker, or no smoking), and physical activity (questionnaire on different activities transformed in metabolic equivalents of resting oxygen consumption) (8 (link)) were self-reported. Body weight in kilograms, and height and waist circumference in centimeters were assessed. BMI was calculated as weight/height (kg/m2). Total body DEXA was performed using the Prodigy Scanner (General Electric) to obtain measures of total body fat mass (TBFM) and trunk fat mass (FM) in kilograms. TBFM was also normalized by body weight and expressed as the percentage of body fatness (i.e., TBFM divided by body weight and multiplied by 100). Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CRP were measured with ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; and Alpco, Salem, NH, respectively). Plasma leptin level was measured using ELISA (LINCO Research, St. Charles, MO), whereas plasma adiponectin level was measured by radioimmunoassay (LINCO Research).
Fabbri E., Chia C.W., Spencer R.G., Fishbein K.W., Reiter D.A., Cameron D., Zane A.C., Moore Z.A., Gonzalez-Freire M., Zoli M., Studenski S.A., Kalyani R.R., Egan J.M, & Ferrucci L. (2016). Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Reduced Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Measured by 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Participants Without Diabetes From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes, 66(1), 170-176.
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3

Measuring Quadriceps Strength and Body Composition

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Maximal quadriceps muscle strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Multi‐Joint System‐Pro with Advantage Software V.4X, Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., Shirley, NY, USA) (Hartmann et al., 2009 (link)). Maximum quadriceps muscle strength was defined as the greatest of three consecutive values of torque (Nm) measured by the force generated from left leg concentric knee extensor contraction at an angular velocity of 30° per second (Hartmann et al., 2009 (link)). Total body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed using a Prodigy Scanner (General Electric, Madison, WI) and analyzed with version 10.51.006 software. DEXA uses tissue absorption of X‐ray beams to identify lean body mass and fat mass with quantitative data (Van Loan & Mayclin, 1992 (link)).
Tian Q., Mitchell B.A., Zampino M., Fishbein K.W., Spencer R.G, & Ferrucci L. (2022). Muscle mitochondrial energetics predicts mobility decline in well‐functioning older adults: The baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Aging Cell, 21(2), e13552.
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4

Femur BMD Assessment via DXA Scanning

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DXA was used to determine BMD in the entire proximal femur, as well as in the neck and trochanter regions. The measurements were performed with a Prodigy Scanner (GE/Lunar; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin). The femur specimens were positioned similar to in vivo examination conditions: mildly internally rotated in a vessel filled with water to 15 cm in height to simulate soft tissue. The measurements were evaluated by using the Lunar Prodigy Encore 2002 software (GE Medical Systems). It should be noted that DXA measurements were not performed in the femoral head alone, owing to superimposition with the acetabulum in in vivo conditions.
Yang C.C., Nagarajan M.B., Huber M.B., Carballido-Gamio J., Bauer J.S., Baum T., Eckstein F., Lochmüller E., Majumdar S., Link T.M, & Wismüller A. (2014). Improving bone strength prediction in human proximal femur specimens through geometrical characterization of trabecular bone microarchitecture and support vector regression. Journal of electronic imaging, 23(1), 013013-.
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5

Lifespan Changes in Body Composition

Cited 4 times
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Changes in body composition are evident across the lifespan. Traditional body size measures are collected in BLSA, including waist circumference and weight and height, used to estimate body mass index (BMI) [40 (link)]. Total lean mass, appendicular lean mass and total fat mass were assessed using total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; Prodigy Scanner, GE, Madison, WI) with Encore Software. While total lean mass is composed mainly of both muscle and visceral organs, appendicular lean mass (both arms and legs) mostly represent muscle mass [41 (link)]. DEXA measures are complemented with computerized tomography cross-sectional images (10 mm) at the mid-thigh area (10 mm, Somatom Sensation 10, Siemens, Malvern PA) quantified using the GEANIE 2.1 software (BonAlyse Oy, Jyvaskla, Finland) and TIBIA ESTIMATION TOOL (TibEsT v.1.4, Sokratis, NIH).[42 (link)] Muscle strength was assessed as grip strength using a Jamar Hydraulic hand dynamometer. The maximum force (kg) measured from three trials on each hand was used in the analysis [41 (link), 43 (link)].
Kuo P.L., Schrack J.A., Shardell M.D., Levine M., Moore A.Z., An Y., Elango P., Karikkineth A., Tanaka T., de Cabo R., Zukley L.M., AlGhatrif M., Chia C.W., Simonsick E.M., Egan J.M., Resnick S.M, & Ferrucci L. (2020). A roadmap to build a phenotypic metric of ageing: insights from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of internal medicine, 287(4), 373-394.
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6

Comprehensive Body Composition Analysis

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Body composition was determined using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and computerized tomography (CT). Total body DEXA was performed using a Prodigy Scanner (GE, Madison, WI, USA) and analyzed with version 10.51.006 software. Total nonbone, nonadipose tissue, and adipose tissue at mid‐femur were estimated from a cross‐sectional 10 mm CT image using a Somatom Sensation 10 computed tomography scanner (Siemens, Malvern, PA, USA) and quantified using Geanie software version 2.1 (BonAlyse Oy, Jyvaskyla, Finland). Finally, body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kilograms) divided by the square of height (meters), both measured according to standard protocols.
Gonzalez‐Freire M., Scalzo P., D'Agostino J., Moore Z.A., Diaz‐Ruiz A., Fabbri E., Zane A., Chen B., Becker K.G., Lehrmann E., Zukley L., Chia C.W., Tanaka T., Coen P.M., Bernier M., de Cabo R, & Ferrucci L. (2018). Skeletal muscle ex vivo mitochondrial respiration parallels decline in vivo oxidative capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Cell, 17(2), e12725.
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7

Measuring Bone Mineral Density via DXA

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BMD was measured via lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans conducted with a Prodigy Scanner (GE-Healthcare, Madison), with lumbar spine and total hip T-scores being measured for subsequent analysis. T-score calculations were performed with reference to the peak BMD of healthy gender- and ethnicity-matched young adults. DXA CVs remained below 0.24% in daily quality control analyses. Patients exhibiting hip or spine T-scores ≤ -2.5 were diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Huang H.Y., Huang Z.Q., Hua L.Y., Liu W.S., Xu F., Ge X.Q., Lu C.F., Su J.B, & Wang X.Q. (2022). The association between normal serum sodium levels and bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 927223.
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8

Standardized DXA Scanning Methodology

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All spine and hip DXA scans were performed using Prodigy scanners (GE-Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA) and analyzed in accordance with manufacturer recommendations (enCore Software 12.4, GE-Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA). BMD measurements were recorded for the lumbar spine (L1-L4 with exclusion of levels affected by artifact), total hip and femoral neck. Vertebral exclusions were determined by International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) certified physicians using a standardized clinical procedure: visual inspection of the scan for localized artifact, T-scores discordances between adjacent vertebral levels exceeding 1 SD, and correlation with additional imaging where available. Hip BMD T-scores were calculated using the NHANES III white female reference values (20 (link)). For the lumbar spine, manufacturer reference data for white US women were used. Instruments were cross-calibrated using anthropomorphic phantoms. All three instruments used for this study exhibited stable long-term performance (coefficient of variation (CV) <0.5%).
Leslie W.D., Shevroja E., Johansson H., McCloskey E.V., Harvey N.C., Kanis J.A, & Hans D. (2018). Risk-equivalent T-score Adjustment For Using Lumbar Spine Trabecular Bone Score (TBS): The Manitoba BMD Registry. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 29(3), 751-758.
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9

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Bone Density

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All participants underwent spine (L1-L4) and hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans on Prodigy Scanners (GE-Healthcare, Madison) by trained investigators, and the results were analyzed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The calculation of T-score was based on the peak BMD in healthy young people of the same race and gender, and the calculation formula of T-score was (measured BMD - peak BMD in healthy young people of the same race and gender)/standard deviation of peak BMD in healthy young people of the same race and sex. The daily CV value of DXA was controlled below 0.24%. Average T-scores of L1-L4 and T-scores of hips were recorded for further analyses. Osteoporosis was diagnosed as a T-score lower than or equal to -2.5 at the spine or hip (19 (link)).
Lu C.F., Liu W.S., Huang H.Y., Ge X.Q., Hua L.Y., Wang X.Q, & Su J.B. (2022). The Positive Relationship Between the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/Apoprotein B Ratio and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 903336.
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