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26 protocols using freezeframe

1

Contextual Fear Conditioning in Mice

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Mice were handled for 3 days before contextual fear conditioning, which consisted of 2 min of exploration, followed by 3 electric foot-shocks (0.5 mA, 2 s) administered 1 min apart, with an additional 1 min of exploration before removal from the chamber. Untrained control mice remained in their home-cage. Memory recall was assessed 24 h after training and consisted of re-exposure to the context for 3 min in the absence of shock. Percent of time spent freezing was taken as an index of memory and was scored by automated software (FreezeFrame, Coulbourn Instruments). For ChIP sequencing experiments, tissue was collected 30 min after training and for RNA sequencing, tissue was collected 1 h after training based on results of previous studies with H2A.Z4 (link).
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2

Contextual Fear Conditioning in Mice

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After 3-min handling for 4-consecutive days, mice were trained for contextual fear conditioning. Mice were placed in a conditioning chamber and presented with a single electrical foot shock (0.6 mA for 2 sec). Then, mice were returned to the dam. For fear memory test, mice were placed in the same chamber and exposed to the same context for 3 min at 1 h or 24 h after training. Freezing (immobile posture except for respiration) level was measured automatically using a computer program (Freeze Frame, Coulbourn Instruments).
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3

Contextual and Cue Fear Conditioning Protocol

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The fear conditioning apparatus consists of a box (30 × 24 × 21 cm, Coulbourn Instruments, Whitehall, PA) with an electric grid floor (0.8 cm spacing, 4.8 mm diameter rods). Mice were placed in the box for habituation for 600 s. On the second day of the paradigm, mice were placed back in the box for 120 s followed by a 30 s tone (85 dB, 2 kHz) with a 0.7 mA foot shock delivered through the grid floor during the last 2 s of the tone. The animals remained in the box for an additional 60 s after the shock for a total duration of 210 s of training. At 24 h after training, mice were placed in the same box and freezing behavior was measured for 300 s to assess contextual fear conditioning. At 1 h after contextual fear assessment, cue fear conditioning was assessed by placing mice in a chamber with different wall coloration, lighting and scent and measuring freezing behavior for 360 s during which the tone (85 dB, 2 kHz) was delivered for the last 180 s. The box was cleaned with 70% EtOH and an enzymatic cleaner between animals. Freezing behavior was quantified using video-based analysis software (FreezeFrame, Coulbourn Instruments, Whitehall, PA).
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4

Learned Light Aversion in Mice

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Learned light aversion was tested using a shock-box (Harvard Apparatus, Habitest), containing a shock-delivery grid, a recording camera, and a custom-built panel of three individual LED white lamps coupled to a manual dimmer.
Two days prior to the test, light-adapted mice were individually habituated to the box for 10 minutes. A day before the test, mice were introduced into the chamber for 10 minutes, and were exposed to three consecutive conditioning stimuli, each of them consisting of a 10 seconds-long light pulse (~6000 pW/cm2) coupled with a 2 seconds-long electric shock (0.5–0.8 mA). The third day, mice were placed in the box for 11 minutes, during which they were exposed to 4 light stimuli, each 30 seconds-long interspaced by 2 minutes of darkness. The light intensity was incremented between each stimulus. Recordings and analysis was performed by FreezeFrame (Coulbourn Instruments).
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Thermal Stimulation and Neuronal Responses

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Behavioral and neuronal responses to a thermoneutral zone were evaluated using custom thermal chambers built by the Section for Instrumentation of the NIMH. Each chamber was equipped with a temperature sensor (Omega), a low-speed ventilator and a thermal camera (FLIR Systems) for imaging temperature gradients across the chamber (ResearchIR Max 4 software, FLIR). The ventilator itself was equipped with an in-line heater and a temperature controller (Omega) commanded by FreezeFrame (Coulbourn Instruments). Upon TTL command, the temperature ramped from room temperature to the desired value (31 °C). Mice were presented with three heating bouts lasting 1 min each. During the heating episodes animals systematically approached the heat source. Concomitant changes in GCaMP6s fluorescence in neurons of the PVT were assessed using fiber photometry.
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6

Contextual and Cue Fear Conditioning Protocol

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The fear conditioning apparatus consists of a box (30 × 24 × 21 cm, Coulbourn Instruments, Whitehall, PA) with an electric grid floor (0.8 cm spacing, 4.8 mm diameter rods). Mice were placed in the box for habituation for 600 s. On the second day of the paradigm, mice were placed back in the box for 120 s followed by a 30 s tone (85 dB, 2 kHz) with a 0.7 mA foot shock delivered through the grid floor during the last 2 s of the tone. The animals remained in the box for an additional 60 s after the shock for a total duration of 210 s of training. At 24 h after training, mice were placed in the same box and freezing behavior was measured for 300 s to assess contextual fear conditioning. At 1 h after contextual fear assessment, cue fear conditioning was assessed by placing mice in a chamber with different wall coloration, lighting and scent and measuring freezing behavior for 360 s during which the tone (85 dB, 2 kHz) was delivered for the last 180 s. The box was cleaned with 70% EtOH and an enzymatic cleaner between animals. Freezing behavior was quantified using video-based analysis software (FreezeFrame, Coulbourn Instruments, Whitehall, PA).
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7

Trace Fear Conditioning Protocol

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The experiment was performed from PD24 to PD26. The equipment was cleaned with 75% ethanol between trials. On the first day, each rat was acclimated in a training box for 12 min. The next day, the rat was allowed to explore the same box for 3 min and then to experience four consecutive training blocks. Each training block consisted of a 20‐s 1‐kHz 80‐dB tone (conditioned stimulus, CS), followed by an 18‐s trace interval and a 2‐s 1.0‐mA foot shock (unconditioned stimulus, US) before a 40‐s intertrial interval (ITI). On the third day, the rat's performance in the training box was recorded for 3 min to assess fear memories associated with environmental condition. Then, the rat was put into a novel chamber to test its conditioned memories of the tone (CS) associated with shock (US) in the absence of contextual cues. After adaptation for 3 min, the rat was tested with two blocks consisting of a 20‐s 1‐kHz 80‐dB tone, a 20‐s trace interval of silence and a 40‐s ITI. The experimental protocol is shown in Figure 3a. The automatic motion detection software (FreezeFrame, Coulbourn Instruments) was used to record rat behaviors during each test and calculate the percentage of freezing time, reflecting the memory of fearful events.
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8

Contextual Fear Conditioning in Mice

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Mice at 4–5 months of age were placed in the conditioning chamber (Coulbourn instruments) and, after a 2-min adaptation period, received three foot shocks (2 s, 0.5 mA) at 2, 3, and 4 min. After the foot shock, mice remained in the chamber for an additional minute and then were returned to their home cage. After 24 h, mice were placed back into the same context for 5 min, and freezing was monitored. Data acquisition and analysis were measured using FreezeFrame (Coulbourn Instruments).
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9

Thermal Stimulation and Neuronal Responses

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Behavioral and neuronal responses to a thermoneutral zone were evaluated using custom thermal chambers built by the Section for Instrumentation of the NIMH. Each chamber was equipped with a temperature sensor (Omega), a low-speed ventilator and a thermal camera (FLIR Systems) for imaging temperature gradients across the chamber (ResearchIR Max 4 software, FLIR). The ventilator itself was equipped with an in-line heater and a temperature controller (Omega) commanded by FreezeFrame (Coulbourn Instruments). Upon TTL command, the temperature ramped from room temperature to the desired value (31 °C). Mice were presented with three heating bouts lasting 1 min each. During the heating episodes animals systematically approached the heat source. Concomitant changes in GCaMP6s fluorescence in neurons of the PVT were assessed using fiber photometry.
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10

Fear Conditioning in Rats: Tone Pre-exposure

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Female MAM- and saline-treated rats were placed into a 30.5 × 25.4 × 30.5 cm3 square conditioning chamber with metal walls and a stainless steel grid shock floor (Coulbourn Instruments, Whitehall, PA, USA). Rats were randomly assigned into two groups: tone pre-exposed and non-exposed. Pre-exposed rats were presented with a 20 second tone over 16 trials with a pseudo-random ITI averaging 2 minutes. Immediately following tone exposure, rats underwent an established fear conditioning procedure in which a 20 second tone co-terminated with a mild (0.8 mA, 0.5 sec) foot shock. The tone-shock pairing was presented 4 times with a pseudo-random ITI averaging 2 minutes. Twenty-four hours after conditioning, rats were returned to the conditioning chamber and re-exposed to the 20 second tone over 4 trials. Behavior was video recorded at each stage and freezing behavior was analyzed off-line using FreezeFrame and FreezeView software (Coulbourn Instruments). Freezing was defined as behavior below a motion index threshold of 10 lasting at least 1 second.
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