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5 protocols using alexa fluor 594 affinipure donkey anti mouse igg

1

Immunofluorescent Localization of Mitochondrial and Oxidative Markers

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The mouse eyeballs were fixed in Davidson’s fixation solution for 48 h for the paraffin section. Following the antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (10 mM sodium citrate, 0.05% Tween 20, pH 6.0) in a steam bath, three washes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS, the sections were incubated with anti-PPARα (Novus #NB600-636; Centennial, CO), anti-TOMM20 (abcam #ab186735; Waltham, MA), or anti-nitrotyrosine (abcam #ab61392) antibodies overnight. After three washes with PBS, the slides were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch #711-545-152; West Grove, PA) or Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure donkey anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch #715-585-150). The slides were mounted with Vectashield mounting buffer containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories #H-1200; Newark, CA) and photographed under a Zeiss Microscope (Observer Z1; Pleasanton, CA).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Inflammatory Markers

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Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue slides obtained from patients and healthy controls were heated for 30 minutes at 60°C, deparaffinized, and rehydrated. Slides were placed in pH 9 antigen retrieval buffer and heated at 125°C for 30 seconds in a pressure cooker water bath. After cooling, slides were blocked using 10% donkey serum (30 minutes). Overnight coincubation (4°C) was then performed using anti–human TNF (Abcam, catalog ab6671), anti–human CD20 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog sc-393894), and anti–human CD138 (LifeSpan Biosciences, LS-B9360-50). Slides were then washed and treated with relative fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (30 minutes). The secondary antibody used with anti–human TNF was Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure donkey anti–rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, catalog 711-545-152). The secondary antibody used with anti–human CD20 and anti–human CD138 was Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure donkey anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, catalog 715-585-151). Slides were prepared in mounting medium with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI, H-1200, Vector Laboratories, Maravai LifeSciences). Images were acquired using a ZEISS Axioskop 2 microscope. Images presented are representative of at least 3 biologic replicates.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining and Apoptosis Assay

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Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was performed as described previously 22 (link). For double staining, the samples were incubated in a mixture of two primary and then secondary antibodies. The primary antibody information was listed in Supplementary Table 1. DAPI-Fluoromount-G was purchased from Southern Biotech. The secondary antibodies included Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure donkey anti-rabbit IgG (red), Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure donkey anti-goat IgG (green), Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure donkey anti-rabbit IgG (green), Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure donkey anti-mouse IgG (red) and Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure donkey anti-mouse IgG (green) (Jackson ImmunoResearch). All stained cells were examined and photographed using a Leica SP5 confocal fluorescence microscope.
Cell apoptosis was assessed as previously described 23 (link).
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4

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Neuronal Activation

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Two hours after intraperitoneal injection of CNO, mice with AAV8-hSyn-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry or AAV8-CAG-GFP were perfused transcardially using 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 0.1 m PBS. After that, we dissected the brain and postfixed it in the same fixative overnight at 4°C. Then, 75-μm-thick coronal sections were cut using a vibratome (DTK-1500, Dosaka EM Co, Ltd.) from 0.1 to 0.9 mm posterior to the bregma (Franklin and Paxinos, 2008 ). Sections were washed with 0.5% PBS Triton X-100 and incubated in primary antibody against c-Fos (1:500, sc-271243, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) dissolved in 1% blocking reagent in 0.5% PBS Triton X-100 overnight at 4°C. Signal was visualized by a secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG (1:500, ab150105, Abcam plc.) or Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure donkey anti-mouse IgG (1:500, 715-585-150, Jackson ImmunoResearch) diluted in 0.5% PBS Triton X-100 overnight at 4°C. All sections were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; 1 μg/ml, 422801, BioLegend), mounted with CC/Mount (Diagnostic BioSystems Inc.) and examined under a fluorescent microscope (MVX10, Olympus Corporation) or a laser scanning confocal microscope (FV1000, Olympus Corporation).
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5

Pluripotent Stem Cell Marker Detection

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Alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining was performed using an Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit II (Stemgent, Cambridge, MA, USA; 00‐0055). For detection of pluripotent stem cell marker antigens, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min at room temperature. After washing with PBS, cells were incubated in 0.25% Triton X‐100 (Sigma‐Aldrich; X100‐1L) for 10 min at room temperature, and then blocked with 5% sheep or donkey serum for 30 min at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with the following primary antibodies SSEA‐4 (1 : 100; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA; MA1‐021X), TRA‐1‐60 (1 : 50; Invitrogen; MA1‐023), Oct‐4 (1 : 100; Invitrogen; PA5‐27438), SOX2 (1 : 100; Invitrogen; PA1‐094X), and Nanog (1 : 100; Invitrogen; 14‐5768‐82), overnight at 4 °C. Cells were then incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies corresponding to the primary antibody at room temperature for 1 h. The secondary antibodies included Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure Donkey anti‐mouse IgG (1 : 250; Jackson, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; 715‐585‐150), Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure Donkey anti‐rabbit IgG (1 : 250; Jackson; 711‐545‐152) and Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure goat anti‐mouse anti‐mouse IgG (1 : 250; Jackson; 115‐585‐075). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (1 : 10; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA; H‐1200).
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