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Statistical package for social sciences version 25

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Sourced in United States, Japan

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 is a software package used for statistical analysis. It provides a wide range of data management, analysis, and visualization tools for researchers and professionals working in the social sciences and other related fields.

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182 protocols using statistical package for social sciences version 25

1

Evaluating Orthodontic Bracket Force Loss

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Based on the 200 individual measured force loss values of each test bracket, the mean value and standard deviation were calculated for all tested bracket–archwire combinations to obtain a single force loss value for every test bracket. Each group consisted of 5 sample brackets for which the median, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Here, the median values were used for the statistical tests. Because of the fact that a normal distribution of the results cannot be assumed for a sample size of 5, nonparametric statistical tests were used. Thus, the Kruskal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney U test were applied to point out statistically relevant significances between the different groups. A significance level of 0.05 was defined for all evaluations as statistically significant. The statistical evaluation was undertaken with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
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2

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers

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Data are presented using descriptive statistics, including distributions, means, standard deviation (SD), and confidence intervals (CIs). We report the K10 total score as well as depression and anxiety subscores using descriptive statistics. We performed independent-samples Kruskal–Wallis tests to compare nursing professionals, physicians, and other health discipline professionals on the K10 total score, K10 subscore, and total IES-R score. Predictors of psychological symptoms were assessed using linear regression analyses. We selected predictors of interest according to their potential relevance to ICU workers and from recent publications pertaining to COVID-19 and healthcare workers (age, sex, years of practice, direct contact, children at home). All variables were entered in the initial regression model and those that yielded an association with the outcome variables with a P value < 0.1 were retained in the final model using a backward selection method. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25.0 (IBM Corp, 2017; Armonk, NY, USA). Two investigators (K.H., D.L.) performed thematic content analysis of all open-ended responses to generate themes and subthemes.19 (link)
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3

Predictors of Postoperative Morbidity

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Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range. Categorical variables are presented as percentages. Comparisons of patients’ clinical outcomes between the two groups were performed using unpaired t-tests for normally-distributed variables or the Mann–Whitney U test for skewed variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of postoperative MS. Variables reaching p <0.050 in the univariable analysis or that were considered clinically important were entered into the multivariable model. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to describe survival rates. All statistical testing was two-sided. Results were considered statistically significant at p <0.050, and all statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
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4

Systematic Review Methodological Quality Assessment

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Data on bibliographical characteristics, and AMSTAR 2 methodological quality assessment of SRs were presented with descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were summarised as frequencies with percentages. Continuous variables were described as medians with ranges or frequencies with means and standard deviation, as appropriate. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were applied to examine the differences in the overall methodological quality across categorical and continuous bibliographic characteristics, respectively. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States).
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5

Statistical Analysis of Orthodontic Bracket Force Loss

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Based on the 200 individual measured force loss values of each of the five test brackets, mean and standard deviation were calculated for all tested bracket-archwire combinations to obtain a single force loss value of every test bracket. Each group consisted of 5 sample brackets for which the median, the mean and the standard deviation were calculated. The median values were used for the statistical tests. Because of the fact that a normal distribution of the results cannot be assumed for a sample size of 5, non-parametric statistical tests were used, so the Kruskal–Wallis H Test followed by the Mann–Whitney U test pointed out statistically relevant significances between the different groups. A significance level of 0.05 was defined for all evaluations as statistically significant. The statistical evaluation was undertaken with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA).
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6

Saccadic Function and Mental Rotation

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Statistical analyses were made using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (IBM SPSS Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) package program. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean (±) SD, frequency distribution, and percentage. Testing of normality for continuous variables was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The homogeneity of variances was evaluated by the Levene test. Independent samples t-test was used when comparing normally distributed variables, and Mann–Whitney U-test was used when comparing non-normally distributed variables between 2 independent groups. The correlation between mental rotation ability and saccadic function was evaluated with Pearson’s correlation analysis or Spearman’s correlation analysis. The P-value of ≤.05 was considered statistically significant.
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7

Microbiota Analysis of Age-Related Changes

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All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (IBM Company, Armonk, NY). Age parameter data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Unless specifically explained, the majority of microbiota data were nonnormally distributed, and the data are expressed as the median (maximum, minimum). Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the microbiota data. Partial graphs were drawn using GraphPad software 8.0 (GraphPad Inc., San Diego, CA). A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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8

Statistical Analysis Protocols for Cell and Tissue Studies

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Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (IBM) at a 95% confidence level. Data distribution and homogeneity of variance were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk tests and Levene's tests, respectively. The MTT data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and the different concentrations were compared using independent
t-tests. The
Axin2expression, DSPP expression, and mineralization outcome on the tooth culture model data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The comparison between the control and experimental groups was done using Mann–Whitney
Utests.
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9

Spinal Cord Injury Fibroblast Analysis

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All data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Variables between the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. An independent t-test was used for the comparison between vehicle and treatment groups (tiotropium or acetylcholine) in SCI fibroblasts. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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10

Epidemiological Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Baseline data were presented as absolute numbers and percentages. Continuous variables, like LOS and costs, were presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range 25–75). Subgroups were made using age, TBI severity, pupillary abnormalities, intracranial abnormalities, surgical intervention and outcome. ANOVA and χ2 were used for comparison of continuous and categorical variables across different subgroups. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using IBM’s statistical package for social sciences version 25.0 (SPSS). Figures were designed using GraphPad Prism 8.
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