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21 protocols using p s6kt389

1

Analyzing AMPK and mTOR Signaling in CD4+ T Cells

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CD4+ T cells were isolated from lymph nodes with CD4+ T cells isolation kit (Stem cell). After pretreatment with Compound C or AICAR for 30 minutes, CD4+ T cells were stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin for another 20 minutes. Cells were lysed in buffers with protease and phosphorylation inhibitors. Protein concentrations were determined by BCA assay (Thermo Scientific). The antibodies of p-AMPKT172 (#4188), p-ACCS79 (#3661), p-S6S235/236 (#4803), p-S6S240/244 (#4803), p-ERKT202/Y204 (#4370), p-4EBP1T37/46 (#7547), p-AKTS473 (#4060), p-S6KT389 (#9205) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. β-actin was used as a loading control.
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2

Comprehensive Antibody Reagents for Cellular Signaling Analysis

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Antibodies against pS6K (T389) (#9205), S6K (#9202), pS6 (S240/244) (#2215), S6 (#2217), pAkt (T308) (#13038), pAkt (S473) (#4060), AKT (4691), p4E-BP1 (S65) (#9456), 4E-BP1 (#9644), RagA (#4357), RagB (#8150), RagC (#9480), Sestrin2 (#8487), MIOS (#13557), EEA1 (#3288, used for immunofluorescence (IF)), Lamp1 (#9091, used for IF) and Rab7 (#9367, used for IF) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Lamp2 mouse monoclonal antibody (H4B4, for human cells) and Lamp2 rat-monoclonal antibody (GL2A7, for mouse cells) for IF were obtained from Abcam. Anti-FLAG (F1804, used for IF), anti-HA (3F10), and anti-PMP70 (SAB4200181, used for IF) were obtained from Sigma. WDR24 (20778-1-AP, used for IP) and Sestrin2 (10795-1-AP, used for IP) antibody was purchased from Proteintech. Antibodies against SZT2 (sc-242153), NPRL2 (sc-376986), SEC13 (sc-514308) and WDR59 (sc-137927, only used in immunoblotting of WDR59 in MEFs) were obtained from Santa Cruz. SEH1L (ab187307) antibody was form Abcam. The rabbit WDR59 monoclonal antibody used in IF experiments (1:100, validated in this study with knockout cells, Extended Data Fig. 5b) and immunoblotting experiments (1:1000) in HEK293T was kindly provided by Jianxin Xie from Cell Signaling Technology. This antibody only recognized WDR59 from human cells, but not MEFs. Anti-NPRL3 (NBP1-88447, used for IP) was obtained from Novus Biologicals.
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3

Comprehensive Protein Expression Analysis

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Commercial antibodies were used to detect PPP6C (rabbit, A300-844A; Bethyl Laboratories, Inc.), α-tubulin (mouse, DM1A; Sigma-Aldrich), MVH (rabbit, ab13840; Abcam), γH2AX (rabbit, 9718; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-CHK1 (S345) (rabbit, BS4041; Bioworld Technology, Inc.), p-CHK2 (T68) (rabbit, BS4043; Bioworld Technology, Inc.), p-p53 (S15) (rabbit, 12571; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), CHK1 (rabbit, BS1052; Bioworld Technology, Inc.), p-AKT (S473) (rabbit, 4060; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-AMPK (T172) (rabbit, 2535; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-mTOR (S2448) (rabbit, 5536; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-S6K (T389) (rabbit, 9234; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-rpS6 (S240/244) (Rabbit, 5364; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), GAPDH (rabbit, 5174; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and β-actin (mouse, sc-47778, Santa Cruz). Secondary antibodies were purchased from ZhongShan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., LTD (Beijing).
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4

Western Blotting Analysis of Intracellular Signaling

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Cultured cells were washed in cold PBS and lysed in buffer containing 62.5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 25% glycerol. Protein lysates were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to 0.2 μm nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking with 0.1% casein, membranes were probed with antibodies to p4E-BP1 T36/47 (#9459), Akt (#9272), pAkt T308 (#13038), pAkt S473 (#9271), pmTOR S2448 (#2983), PARP (#9542), S6 (#2217), pS6 S235/236 (#4858), pS6 S240/244 (#2215), pS6K T389 (#9234) (Cell Signaling Technologies, Boston, MA, USA) and actin (#A5441) (Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC, St Louis, MO, USA). The signals were visualized by Odyssey infrared imaging system (Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Cells were lysed and proteins were extracted in RIPA buffer that was supplemented with phosphatase and protease inhibitors. Proteins were separated by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels and transferred to a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane. Membranes with blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin and probed using specific antibodies. Actin (1:2,000), pAKT (S473) (1:1,000), pS6K (T389) (1:1,000), HA (1:1,000) were all from Cell Signaling Technology (CST).
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6

Characterization of TSC2 Signaling Pathway

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P-TSC2 S939 (LS-C358381) was from Biozol (Sontheim, Germany). Antibodies specific for TSC2/tuberin (#4308), P-AKT S473 (#4060), AKT (#4691), P-S6K T389 (#9234), P-S S235/6 (#2211), S6 (#2217), P-ERK T202/Y204 (#4370), ERK (#4696), P-4E-BP T37/46 (#2855), as well as MG132 and cyclohexamide were from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Involucrin (SY8; ab20202) was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), Actin antibody (A1978) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and LAMP-2 antibody (sc-18822) from SantaCruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). LY294002, U0126 were from were from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA).
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7

Quantitative Platelet and Pancreatic Assays

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Purified GP2B3A complex (MBS135714), mouse rCela2a protein (MBS1246487), human rCELA2A (MBS1090462) and the CELA2A ELISA kit (MBS932150) were purchased from MyBiosource. CELA2A antibody (SAB1104798) and the elastase substrate N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide substrate (S8511) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The FITC-conjugated PAC1 antibody (340507, BD Biosciences) and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) reagent (T669, Thermo Fisher Scientific), Annexin V-FITC (640905, Biolegend), CD41-FITC (303703, Biolegend) were used for platelet aggregation analysis. Total AKT (CST, 9272), pAKT (S473) (CST, 9271s), pAKT (T308) (CST, 9275s), total S6k (CST, 9202), pS6k (T389) (CST, 9206), total IRS (CST, 2382), pIRS (Y608), (CST, 2385S), pIRS (S636/S639) (CST, 2388s), Gapdh (CST, 3683s), and Actin (CST, 4970) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies. Recombinant A1AT (alpha1 antitrypsin, ab91136), A1AT antibody (ab9400) and ITGA2B antibodies (ab63983) were purchased from Abcam. Human c-peptide ELISA kit (80-CPTHU-E01.1, ALPCO), Human Glucagon ELISA kit (10-1271-01, Mercodia), Rat c-peptide ELISA (80-CPTRT-E01, ALPCO), Mouse Ultrasensitive Insulin ELISA (80-INSMSU-E01, ALPCO), Human Insulin ELISA kit (21-IAAHU-E01, ALPCO), Rat Insulin ELISA kit (80-INSRT-E01, ALPCO) was applied for C-peptide, glucagon, and insulin measurements.
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8

Comprehensive Antibody Panel for IMPDH1/2

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Anti-IMPDH1 (WH0003614M1), BrdU (BMC9318) antibodies (Sigma-Aldrich); anti-IMPDH2 (ab131158), β-actin (ab6276), p21 (ab109199), GAPDH (ab9485), HPRT1 (ab10479) antibodies (Abcam); anti-β-actin (#3700), p-Akt (T308, #4056), (S473, #4060), p-S6K (T389) (#9234), p-ERK (#4370), p-AMPK (#2535), p-p53 (#9284), Nucleostemin (#9495) antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-pan-Akt (sc-81434), p53 (sc-126), Nucleolin (sc-13057) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); anti-GMPS antibody (A302–417A)(Bethyl laboratory); anti-HPRT1 (VMA00483) antibody (Bio-Rad); anti-Nucleostemin (MAB4311) antibody (Millipore); anti-Vinculin (BZL03106) antibody (Biozol Diagnostica).
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9

Antibodies for Cell Signaling Analysis

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p-H2A.X, H2A.X, p-CAD (S1859), CAD, p-ERK (T202/Y204), ERK1/2, p-S6K (T389) and S6K antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. P-CAD (T456) and DHODH antibodies were obtained from Santa-Cruz Biotechnology. An Alexa-Fluor 647-conjugated p-H2A.X (Ser139) antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences.
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10

Quantitative Platelet and Pancreatic Assays

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Purified GP2B3A complex (MBS135714), mouse rCela2a protein (MBS1246487), human rCELA2A (MBS1090462) and the CELA2A ELISA kit (MBS932150) were purchased from MyBiosource. CELA2A antibody (SAB1104798) and the elastase substrate N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide substrate (S8511) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The FITC-conjugated PAC1 antibody (340507, BD Biosciences) and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) reagent (T669, Thermo Fisher Scientific), Annexin V-FITC (640905, Biolegend), CD41-FITC (303703, Biolegend) were used for platelet aggregation analysis. Total AKT (CST, 9272), pAKT (S473) (CST, 9271s), pAKT (T308) (CST, 9275s), total S6k (CST, 9202), pS6k (T389) (CST, 9206), total IRS (CST, 2382), pIRS (Y608), (CST, 2385S), pIRS (S636/S639) (CST, 2388s), Gapdh (CST, 3683s), and Actin (CST, 4970) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies. Recombinant A1AT (alpha1 antitrypsin, ab91136), A1AT antibody (ab9400) and ITGA2B antibodies (ab63983) were purchased from Abcam. Human c-peptide ELISA kit (80-CPTHU-E01.1, ALPCO), Human Glucagon ELISA kit (10-1271-01, Mercodia), Rat c-peptide ELISA (80-CPTRT-E01, ALPCO), Mouse Ultrasensitive Insulin ELISA (80-INSMSU-E01, ALPCO), Human Insulin ELISA kit (21-IAAHU-E01, ALPCO), Rat Insulin ELISA kit (80-INSRT-E01, ALPCO) was applied for C-peptide, glucagon, and insulin measurements.
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