α minimal essential medium

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China

α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) is a cell culture medium commonly used for the maintenance and growth of various mammalian cell lines. It provides a balanced salt solution and essential nutrients required for cell proliferation and survival.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

Alpha minimal essential Medium (α‐MEM) (18 citations) α minimal essential medium (MEM; (5 citations) Alpha modified Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM) (12 citations) α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) (38 citations) α-modified minimal essential medium (α-MEM), (4 citations) Minimal essential medium (177 citations)

68 protocols using α minimal essential medium

Chicken Erythroblast Cell Culture Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

6C2 chicken erythroblast cells, transformed by the avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) carrying a stably integrated mCherry transgene, were maintained in αMinimal Essential Medium (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland) complemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, Life Technologies, Zug, Switzerland), 1% Normal Chicken Serum (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland) [32 (link)], 1% penicillin and streptomycin (10,000 U/ml, Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland), 100 nM β-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), and kept at 37°C with 5% CO₂ in an incubator (New Brunswick Galaxy 170 S, Eppendorf, Schönenbuch, Switzerland).
T2EC cells were extracted from the bone marrow of white leghorn chicken embryos (INRA, Tours, France) [33 (link)]. The cells were cultured in αMinimal Essential Medium (Gibco), supplemented with 1 mM HEPES (Sigma-Aldrich), 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, BioWest), 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL, Gibco), 100 nM β-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 mM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α, Peprotech) and 1 ng/mL transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β, Peprotech), and kept at 37°C with 5% CO₂ in an incubator.

Aslan Kamil M., Fourneaux C., Yilmaz A., Stavros S., Parmentier R., Paldi A., Gonin-Giraud S., deMello A.J, & Gandrillon O. (2023). An image-guided microfluidic system for single-cell lineage tracking. PLOS ONE, 18(8), e0288655.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Isolation and Characterization of Murine MSCs

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Isolation and characterization of the male BALB/c and C57BL/6 murine bone marrow-derived MSCs have been described previously [10 (link)]. Stanford’s Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care (APLAC) approved this isolation protocol and Institutional Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals were observed in all aspects of this project. Briefly, bone marrow was collected from femurs and tibias of 8- to 10- week-old BALB/c and C57BL/6 male mice. The bone marrow with cells was carefully suspended and filtered through 70-μm cell strainer, spun down and resuspended in α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA) supplied with 10% certified fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA) and antibiotic-antimycotic solution (100 units of penicillin, 100 μg of streptomycin, and 0.25 μg of amphotericin B per milliliter, Hyclone, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA). Medium was replaced the next day to remove unattached cells (passage 1). Immunophenotype of isolated MSCs: spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (Sca1+)/CD105+/CD44+/CD45−/CD34−/CD11b− was characterized by flow cytometry (LSRII, Stanford Shared FACS Facility, Stanford, CA, USA) at passage 4. Identified MSC passages 4–8 were used to conduct the experiments.

Zhang N., Lo C.W., Utsunomiya T., Maruyama M., Huang E., Rhee C., Gao Q., Yao Z, & Goodman S.B. (2021). PDGF-BB and IL-4 co-overexpression is a potential strategy to enhance mesenchymal stem cell-based bone regeneration. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 12, 40.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Cyclic Loading of Osteoclasts and Chondrocytes

Cited 2 times

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Osteoclasts and chondrocytes were maintained in α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO₂ incubator (Thermo Fisher Scientific).^{23 (link)} Osteoclasts were seeded into 3D collagen sponges.^{24 (link)} The cyclic mechanical loading was induced by a computer-controlled biostretch device (Bio-Stretch; ICCT Technologies, Markham, Canada).^{5 (link)} After 24 hours, cyclic loading-processed osteoclasts were co-cultured with chondrocytes.

Zhang R.K., Li G.W., Zeng C., Lin C.X., Huang L.S., Huang G.X., Zhao C., Feng S.Y, & Fang H. (2018). Mechanical stress contributes to osteoarthritis development through the activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Bone & Joint Research, 7(11), 587-594.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Differential Counting of Mouse Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Peripheral blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus of mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Peripheral blood was smeared on glass slides, stained with Wright-Giemsa reagent, and then 100 cells were counted differentially according to the type of WBC^{20 (link),21 (link)}. BM cell suspensions were prepared by repeatedly flushing the cells from femora using either Iscove-modified Dulbecco’s medium (IMDM: Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA) or α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA); the cells then were dispersed by repeated passage through a 23-gauge hypodermic needle. BM cells were recovered from the femora of three mice per experimental group at each time point; the resulting individual cell suspensions then were counted. The number of cells was determined using a Sysmex PocH-100 iV Diff hematology analyzer (Sysmex Co., Kobe, Japan).

Harada T., Tsuboi I., Hino H., Yuda M., Hirabayashi Y., Hirai S, & Aizawa S. (2021). Age-related exacerbation of hematopoietic organ damage induced by systemic hyper-inflammation in senescence-accelerated mice. Scientific Reports, 11, 23250.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Isolation of Synovial Cells from OA Patients

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and all study subjects provided written informed consent. Human synovium was harvested from the knees of nine donors (mean age: 76.2 ± 5.3 years) with osteoarthritis during total knee arthroplasty. The synovial tissue was digested in a solution of 3 mg/mL collagenase (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Tokyo, Japan) at 37 °C^{10 (link)}. After 3 hours, the digested cells were filtered through a 70-μm cell strainer (Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Frickenhausen, Germany) and cultured in α-Minimal Essential Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 1% antibiotic-antimycotic (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in a humidified cell culture chamber (Tokai Hit, Fujinomiya, Japan) set at 37 °C with 5% CO₂, 20% O₂ and 75% N₂. The cells were counted with an automated cell counter (Luna-FL; Logos Biosystems, Annandale, VA, USA) in a disposable cell counting plate to determine the number of nucleated cells.

Mizuno M., Katano H., Shimozaki Y., Sanami S., Ozeki N., Koga H, & Sekiya I. (2019). Time-lapse image analysis for whole colony growth curves and daily distribution of the cell number per colony during the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. Scientific Reports, 9, 16835.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Differentiation of Osteoclasts from Rat Bone Marrow

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

BMMs were isolated from the bone marrow of experimental rats and induced to differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of 40 ng/ml receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL; PeproTech) and 25 ng/ml macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; PeproTech) at 37°C. The cells were cultured in α-minimal essential medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37°C in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO₂. The induction medium was replenished every 2 days. After 7 days, the cells were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde at 37°C for 5 min and stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity at 37°C for 1 h by a TRAP staining kit (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA). Images of cells were obtained using a fluorescence microscope (magnification, x40). TRAP-positive multinucleated cells with >3 nuclei were defined as osteoclasts, and the number of TRAP-positive cells was counted by Simple PCI software (version 5.2.1.1609; Compix, Inc.).

Zhai J., He F., Wang J., Chen J., Tong L, & Zhu G. (2019). Influence of radiation exposure pattern on the bone injury and osteoclastogenesis in a rat model. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 44(6), 2265-2275.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Isolation and Culture of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

hPDLs were collected from healthy donors’ premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic reasons at Okayama University Hospital, as previously described (12 (link)). The hPDLs were dissected into 2-mm pieces for further use. The explants were subsequently incubated in α–minimal essential medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (HIFBS; HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C. The protocol for this experiment was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Okayama University (KEN1701-024).

Ei Hsu Hlaing E., Ishihara Y., Wang Z., Odagaki N, & Kamioka H. (2019). Role of intracellular Ca2+–based mechanotransduction of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The FASEB Journal, 33(9), 10409-10424.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Osteocyte-Mediated BMSC Co-culture

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after inhaling 2.5% concentration of isoflurane (RWD Life Science Co., Ltd.) and all efforts were made to minimize the suffering of the animals included in present study. Death was confirmed when the mice were ceased breathing and had no heartbeat and dilated pupils. The tibial and femoral diaphyses were dissected from 5, 10-week-old mice, cut into 1-2-mm pieces, and incubated in collagenase type I and EDTA 9 times, as previously described (28 (link)). Next, primary mouse osteocytes were cultured in α-minimal essential medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (TBD0130HYT; Tianjing TBD Science Co., Ltd.), 1% penicillin and streptomycin (GE Healthcare Life Sciences), and 50 µM β-Mercaptoethanol (Merck KGaA). Next, osteocytes were digested with trypsin and seeded at a density of ~40,000 cells per well (24 well plate; Wuxi Nest Biology & Technology Co., Ltd.), and TGFβ1 protein (PeproTech, Inc.) or LY2109761 (MedChemExpress, Inc.) was added for 1 h, prior to co-culture with wild-type mouse BMSCs flushed from the femur and tibia. The method of isolating mouse bone marrow cells was previously described (29 (link)).

Dai G., Xiao H., Liao J., Zhou N., Zhao C., Xu W., Xu W., Liang X, & Huang W. (2020). Osteocyte TGFβ1-Smad2/3 is positively associated with bone turnover parameters in subchondral bone of advanced osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46(1), 167-178.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Isolation and Culture of Murine Osteocytes

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Osteocyte-enriched fractions derived from mouse long bones were isolated as previously reported by Stern et al. [51 (link)]. Cell suspensions from individual mice were cultured in twelve-well plates coated with type-I rat tail collagen (Millipore Sigma) at a seeding density of 1 × 10⁵ cells per well. In α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 2.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2.5% bovine calf serum (BCS) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin (PS) (Thermo Fisher, Hampton, NH, USA). Cells were maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO₂ in a humidified incubator. Osteocytes were not disturbed for the first 7 days while they attached to the plate. Media changes were performed every 48 h beginning on day 7, and conditioned media was collected from osteocyte cultures derived from individual mice every 48 h on days 9, 11, 13, and 15 post isolation. Conditioned media (CM) was filtered using a 0.22 µm syringe filter and aliquoted before storing at −20 °C. Serum-free CM was collected for mass spectrometry and immunodepletion assays after a 4 h incubation on day 7 of cultures.

Williams J.N., Irwin M., Li Y., Kambrath A.V., Mattingly B.T., Patel S., Kittaka M., Collins R.N., Clough N.A., Doud E.H., Mosley A.L., Bellido T., Bruzzaniti A., Plotkin L.I., Trinidad J.C., Thompson W.R., Bonewald L.F, & Sankar U. (2023). Osteocyte-Derived CaMKK2 Regulates Osteoclasts and Bone Mass in a Sex-Dependent Manner through Secreted Calpastatin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 4718.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Murine Bone Marrow Cell Isolation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mice between nine and 12 weeks old were asphyxiated with CO₂ followed by cervical dislocation. Femurs were cut at the ends, and as previously described (17), marrow was flushed with BM-extraction medium consisting of α-minimal essential medium (Cellgro, Corning, Manassas, VA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 50 μg/mL gentamicin (Life Technologies, Beverly, MA, USA), 100 ng/mL recombinant mouse colony-stimulating factor 1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and 1X Fungizone (2.5 μg/mL amphotericin B and 2.05 μg/mL sodium deoxycholate) (Gibco, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Cells were cultured on 100 mm × 15 mm polystyrene Petri dishes (Fisherbrand, cat. #FB0875713, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) for 72–96 h. The cells were passaged onto new Petri dishes and cultured in BM-culture medium (consisting of α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 μg/mL gentamicin, and 100 ng/mL recombinant mouse colony-stimulating factor 1 and expanded as needed. For Figure 1 panel A, growth media was replaced with serum-free BM-culture medium 30 min prior to adding ricin, however, similar results had been obtained using serum-containing medium (Figure S3, Panel A).

Jandhyala D.M., Wong J., Mantis N.J., Magun B.E., Leong J.M, & Thorpe C.M. (2016). A Novel Zak Knockout Mouse with a Defective Ribotoxic Stress Response. Toxins, 8(9), 259.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!