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5 protocols using bs 0698r

1

Comprehensive Protein Expression Analysis

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A total cell protein extraction kit (Milipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to extract total protein. An equivalent amount of protein from each sample was electrophoresed by 12% SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. After being blocked, membranes were incubated with anti-TLR4 (1:1000; PA5-23124, Invitrogen), anti- MHC-I (1:1000; ab134189 and ab22367, Abcam), anti-MHC-II (1:1000; ab157210 and ab23990, Abcam), anti-CD80 (1:1000; PA5-19211, Invitrogen and bs-2211r, Bioss, Woburn, MA, USA), anti-CD86 (1:1000; bs-1035r, Bioss), anti-TNF-α (1:1000; bs-2081R, Bioss), anti-IL-6 (1:2000; ab9324, Abcam), anti-IL-10 (1:1000; bs-0698r, Bioss), anti-CXCL10 (1:1000; PAA371Ra01; Cloud-Clone Corp., Houston, TX, USA), anti-TGF-β1 (1:1000; c0340, Assay biotechnology, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and TGF-β2 (1:1000; 5343r-100, BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) overnight at 4 °C. Membranes were then washed three times with PBS/0.1%Tween-20 (5 min each), and incubated with a corresponding secondary antibody (1:5000) for 2 h at room temperature. Bands were detected using a chemiluminescence ECL kit (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and were quantified using the Sigma-Gel software (Jandel Scientific Software, Sari Kafael, CA, USA).
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2

Exosome Protein Quantification and Analysis

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Proteins concentration of cells or exosomes were measured by BCA assay after treated with RIPA buffer (Sangon Biotech) containing protease inhibitors (Roche Protease Inhibitor Cocktail). Briefly, approximately 20 μg of total protein were separated with 10% SDS-PAGE and then proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore) followed by blocked with tris buffered saline Tween-20 (TBST) containing 5% non-fat dry milk. Next, blocked membrane was incubated with primary antibodies: GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech, 1:1000), CD63 (EXOAB-CD63A-1, SBI, 1:1000), CD9 (#13403, CST), TGF-β (sc-65378, Santa, 1:500), IL-10 (bs-0698R, Bioss, 1:1000), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (#9139, CST), p-STAT3 (#9135, CST). After washed with TBST three times, membrane was incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (A0261, Beyotime, 1:1000, Ab6721, Abcam, 1:5000). Bands were detected by ChemiScope (CLiNX; Shanghai), and analyzed with Image J.
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3

Immunofluorescent Staining of Aortic Macrophages

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Frozen aortic root sections were equilibrated to room temperature, rehydrated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), permeabilized with 10% DMSO, and blocked with 0.05% casein in PBS. Sections were then stained overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber with rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD68 (1:400, BioLegend, clone FA-11) and rabbit polyclonal anti-mouse IL-10 (1:25, Bioss, bs-0698R) or rabbit polyclonal anti-mouse iNOS (1:50, Proteintech, 18985-1-AP). Sections were washed twice with PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween (PBS-T) and then stained for 1 h at room temperature in a humidified chamber with AlexaFluor-488-labeled donkey polyclonal anti-rat IgG (1:500, Invitrogen, A21208) and AlexaFluor-555-labeled donkey polyclonal anti-rabbit IgG (1:500, Invitrogen, A31572). Sections were washed twice with PBS-T and once with PBS before mounting with ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Invitrogen). Images were acquired using a DMI8 inverted fluorescence microscope (Leica Microsystems) and analyzed using QuPath (v0.5.0).
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4

Protein Expression Analysis of Heart and Cell Line

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Total protein was extracted using RIPA lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) from heart tissue and HL-1 cells, and the concentration of the protein was detected by the BCA assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Next, about 20 µg protein was subjected to 12% SDS-PAGE and then transferred on PVDF membrane (Sangon, Shanghai, China). The PVDF membranes were washed with water and stained with Ponceau S to confirm transfer, after that blocked with TBST solution contained 5% skimmed milk at 4 °C overnight. Later, PVDF membranes were incubated with primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight followed by incubated with secondary antibody Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L(HRP) (1:10000, ab205719, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) at 25 °C for 2 h. The protein bands were imaged by chemiluminescence apparatus (Shanghai Qinxiang, China) and quantified by Image J software. Primary antibodies including: Wnt1 (1:1000, sc514531, Santa Cruz), β-catenin (1:1000, 8480T, Cell Signaling Technology), IL-10 (1:1000, bs-0698R, Bioss), NOS2 (1:1000, sc7271, Santa Cruz), CD63 (ab68418, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), ACSL4 (1:10000, ab155282, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), TFRC (1:1000, ab214039, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), GAPDH (1:20000, 60004-1-Ig, Proteintech).
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Intestinal and Brain Tissues

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Brain and colon tissues were paraffin-embedded, processed into 5 μm thick slices, and dewaxed in an organic solvent concentration gradient. Tissue sections were placed in a microwave oven for antigen retrieval, immersed in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution at room temperature, and protected from light for 25 min to block endogenous peroxidase. After the slices were dried, primary antibodies against IL-6 (bs-0782R, Bioss, Beijing, China), IL-10 (bs-0698R, Bioss, Beijing, China), TNF-α (bs-10802R, Bioss, Beijing, China), ZO-1 (ab96587, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and occludin (ab216327, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were diluted in 3% normal goat serum and applied to the tissue. The sections were placed in a wet box and incubated overnight at 4 °C. After washing, an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (ZSGB Biotech, Beijing, China) was applied to the tissue. The nuclei were stained with hematoxylin, and the tissue sections were sealed with neutral gum. Images were captured using an Olympus BX61 light microscope. The digital images were analyzed using Image Pro Plus (version 6.0), as previously described [21 (link),22 (link)]. The gray unit was switched to the optical density (OD) unit in the software, and the integrated OD analysis was performed with immunohistochemically stained regions.
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