Perfluorooctanoic acid

The molecular structures of the 14 PFAS evaluated are in Figure S1 and physiochemical properties, such as molecular weight (MW) and logD shown in Table S1. The following fourteen PFAS were either obtained from Accustandard, Inc. (New Haven, CT, USA) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FtS), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Human, rat (Wistar-Han), and mouse (CD-1; C57BL/6) equal sex pooled (minimum of 3 male and 3 female) plasma was obtained from BioIVT (Hicksville, NY, USA). The equilibrium dialysis device (HTD96) and cellulose membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of 12–14 kDa were obtained from HTDialysis, LLC (Gales Ferry, CT, USA). Human, rat, and mouse albumin, along with all other reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich unless specified otherwise.

The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France): bisphenol-A (BPA purity >99%), triclosan (TCS >97%), benzophenone-3 (BP3_98%), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209 98%), sodium perchlorate (>98%), 4-4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylen (4,4′-DDE 99%), hexachlorobenzene (HCB 99.9%), dibutylphtalate (DBP 99%), diethylhexylphtalate (DEHP 99%), PCB-153, 2-Naphtol (99%), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS >98%), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA >98%), methyl mercury chloride (>99.9%), lead chloride (98%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, 3,3′,5,5′tetraiodo-L-thyronine T₄ >98%) and triiodothyronine (T₃ 99%). NH-3, a thyroid hormone antagonist18 (link) was synthesized by AGV Discovery (France), absence of contamination by benzofurane was verified56 (link). All chemicals were dissolved at 10⁻¹ M in DMSO, with the exception of HCB (10⁻¹ M in acetone) and BDE 209 (10⁻²M in DMSO). These solutions were aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use. T₃ was prepared in 30% NaOH, 70% milliQ Water at 10⁻²M concentration, aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use. The chemical mixture was prepared at 10⁵-fold concentration by mixing appropriate volumes of stocks as described in Supplementary Table 1, aliquoted and stored at −20 °C.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (96%, PFOA), FAs (≥99%, including OA, EA, LA, and ALA), 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE), phenylalanine (99%), sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade solvents) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Saint‐Quentin‐Fallavier, France). Perfluorooctanoyl chloride (97%) was supplied from Fisher Scientific‐Alfa Aesar (Illkirch, France). Deuterated solvents were supplied from Eurisotop (Saint‐Aubin, France).