Isotope cube

Manufactured by Elementar

Sourced in Germany

The Isotope Cube is a compact and versatile laboratory instrument designed for isotopic analysis. It provides precise measurements of isotopic composition across a range of applications. The core function of the Isotope Cube is to perform high-quality isotopic analysis in a streamlined and user-friendly package.

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Lab products found in correlation

Isoprime 100, by Elementar (1 mentions) Delta advantage, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Conflo 3, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Vario ISOTOPE cube (13 citations) ISOTOPE cube elemental analyzer (5 citations) Vario ISOTOPE cube elemental analyzer (4 citations) Vario isotope cube analyzer (4 citations) Isotope CUBE Elemental Analyser (2 citations) CHNOS Elemental Analyzer (vario ISOTOPE cube, (2 citations)

7 protocols using isotope cube

Lipid Extraction and Compound Isolation from Potsherds

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The potsherds were cleaned with a modeling drill and crushed into fine powder (2 to 10 g of clay depending on lipid concentrations). Lipids were extracted from the clay using a methanol/sulphuric acid extraction (4% v/v, 70 °C, 1 h, 3 × 8 mL, mixed every 10 min). The liquid fractions were centrifuged in culture tubes, then the three acidic supernatants combined in a second culture tube with 5 mL Milli Q-Water. Lipids were extracted by performing a liquid/liquid extraction with 4 × 5 mL n-hexane (21 (link)).
Isolation of specific compounds was performed on a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph (GC) interfaced to a Gerstel Preparative Fraction Collector. Compounds were isolated 40 times into individual solventless traps based on their retention times (20 (link)). Compounds were recovered from the traps by transferring the glass wool into Al capsules, then combusted in an Elementar Isotope Cube elemental analyzer, and the resulting CO₂ transferred to an IonPlus AGE 3 graphitization system for their reduction to graphite for analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Bristol Radiocarbon Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (BRAMS) facility (20 (link), 47 ).

Casanova E., Knowles T.D., Bayliss A., Roffet-Salque M., Heyd V., Pyzel J., Claßen E., Domboróczki L., Ilett M., Lefranc P., Jeunesse C., Marciniak A., van Wijk I, & Evershed R.P. (2022). Dating the emergence of dairying by the first farmers of Central Europe using 14C analysis of fatty acids preserved in pottery vessels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(43), e2109325118.

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Soil-Plant Nitrogen Dynamics in Night-Warming

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The samples for night-warming treatments were taken in the micro–plots at jointing (BBCH 31), anthesis (BBCH 65), and maturity (BBCH 89). Plant samples were separated into leaves, culm, chaff, and grain (maturity). Root samples were separated into 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–100 cm soil layers by washing out any soil. All separated samples were oven-dried at 70°C to constant weight to estimate dry matter accumulation. Soil samples were taken at four layers: 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–100 cm. Each soil sample was separated into two parts. One part was oven-dried at 105°C for determination of water content. The other part was dried under natural conditions for determination of ¹⁵N enrichment. Plant and soil samples were taken outside the micro-plot (more than 1 m away) for determination of the natural ¹⁵N enrichment. The plant and soil samples were finely ground to 100 μm and analyzed for total N and ¹⁵N enrichment by an automated continuous flow Isotope Cube (Elementar, Germany) coupled with a continuous flow mass spectrometer (Isoprime, United Kingdom) using Dumas flash combustion.

Hu C., Yu J., Sun S., Yan Y., Guo H., Tian Z., Jiang D., Cao W, & Dai T. (2019). Reduced 15N Losses by Winter and Spring Night-Warming Are Related to Root Distribution of Winter Wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 771.

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Elemental Analysis of Dried Leaves

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For the elemental analysis of C and N, dried leaf material was analyzed using an Isoprime 100 isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer (ISOTOPE cube; Elementar Analysensysteme, Germany). The elemental analyzer was calibrated every 30 samples to an acetanilide standard (C = 71.09%; N = 10.36%) to assure accuracy.

Hilgers E.J., Schöttler M.A., Mettler-Altmann T., Krueger S., Dörmann P., Eicks M., Flügge U.I, & Häusler R.E. (2018). The Combined Loss of Triose Phosphate and Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocators Leads to Severe Growth Retardation and Impaired Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana tpt/xpt Double Mutants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1331.

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Stable Isotope Analysis of Vegetation Samples

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All vegetation samples were manually cleaned of debris and other particles, freeze dried and homogenized using a ball mill or mortar and pestle before being analysed for stable isotopes. After homogenization, samples and standards were weighed into tin capsules and loaded into an elemental analyser (Isotope Cube, Elementar, Germany) interfaced to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) (Delta Advantage, Thermo, Germany) then flash combusted at 1800 °C (Dumas combustion). The resulting gas products were carried by helium through columns of oxidizing/reducing chemicals optimised for CO₂ and N₂. The gases were then separated by a purge and trap adsorption column and sent to the IRMS interface (Conflo III, Thermo, Germany) then to the IRMS. All analyses were performed at the Ján Veizer Stable Isotope Laboratory (formerly G. G. Hatch) at the University of Ottawa, Canada. The standards used in the analysis were atmospheric nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), Cañon Diablo meteorite (δ³⁴S) and Pee Dee Belamnite limestone (δ¹³C).
Standard isotope values were calculated using the formula:

δ = (R_{sample} / (R_{standard} - 1)) \times 1000,

where R = the ratio of ¹⁵N/¹⁴N, ³⁴S/³²S or¹³C/¹²C.

Clyde N., Hargan K.E., Forbes M.R., Iverson S.A., Blais J.M., Smol J.P., Bump J.K, & Gilchrist H.G. (2021). Seaduck engineers in the Arctic Archipelago: nesting eiders deliver marine nutrients and transform the chemistry of island soils, plants, and ponds. Oecologia, 195(4), 1041-1052.

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Soil Analysis Techniques Protocol

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Soil pH was determined using a 1∶2.5 soil:water ratio. Total carbon and total nitrogen were determined using using a vario ISOTOPE CUBE elemental analyzer (elementar, Germany). Plant-available metals were extracted from treated soil using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–CaCl₂–triethanolamine (DTPA) as described elsewhere [19] . The mobile forms of heavy metals were extracted using 0.1 M CaCl₂[20] .

Lu H., Li Z., Fu S., Méndez A., Gascó G, & Paz-Ferreiro J. (2014). Can Biochar and Phytoextractors Be Jointly Used for Cadmium Remediation?. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e95218.

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Leaf Elemental and Isotope Analysis

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For elemental and stable isotope analysis, mature leaves were dried in an oven at 150°C for 2 days. Fine powder of the dried leaves was then analyzed using an Isoprime 100 isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled with an Elementar elemental analyzer (ISOTOPE cube; Elementar Analysensysteme, Germany) following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The δ¹³C measurements were calibrated following the two-point methods described by Coplen et al. (2006) (link).

Amy Lyu M.J., Tang Q., Wang Y., Essemine J., Chen F., Ni X., Chen G, & Zhu X.G. (2022). Evolution of gene regulatory network of C4 photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria reveals the evolutionary status of C3-C4 intermediate species. Plant Communications, 4(1), 100426.

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Soil Carbon Partitioning Through Isotopic Analysis

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Powdered soil samples were combusted and the concentration of elemental C and N in each layer was measured (IsotopeCube, Elementar, Hanau, Germany). The isotopic analyses of fine soil and roots (i.e. separation C3/ C4 species) were conducted using a Finnigan continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Delta S, Finnigan MAT, Bremen, Germany) at the stable isotope facility at INRA, Nancy, France. Carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C, ‰) was expressed relative to the Pee Dee Belemnite standard and the analytical precision was 0.19‰ (standard deviation).
To determine the contribution of C derived from C3 plants (forest and pasture species) and C4 plants (pasture grasses), we applied two mass balance equations (Balesdent et al., 1988) :
Eq 2 where C toti is the total C stock in the soil layer i, C3 i is the C stock originating from the forest and C3 pasture species in the soil layer i and C4 i is the C stock originating from grasses in the pasture, present in the soil layer i; δsoil C4i is the δ 13 C isotopic composition in the pasture in the soil layer i and δsoil C3i is the δ 13 C isotopic composition in the native Page 9 of 41 Global Change Biology forests and in the C3 pasture species in the soil layer i, and δroot C4i is the δ 13 C isotopic composition of the roots of C4 grass ( i.e. -12.4 ‰) in the soil layer i.

Stahl C., Fontaine S., Klumpp K., Picon-Cochard C., Grise M.M., Dezécache C., Ponchant L., Freycon V., Blanc L., Bonal D., Burban B., Soussana J.F, & Blanfort V. (2017). Continuous soil carbon storage of old permanent pastures in Amazonia. Global change biology, 23(8).

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