Hek293t

The PDAC cell lines PaTu-8988t, PANC-1, and BXPC3 were purchased from the Cell Resource Center (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China). Short tandem repeat loci analysis was used to authenticate the cell lines (Genetic Testing Biotechnology Corporation, Jiangsu, China). HEK293T cells were a gift from Dr. Haihua Gu (Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China). Cells were maintained in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 12% calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich) for PaTu-8988t, PANC-1, and HEK293T cells or 10% fetal bovine serum (Clark Bioscience, DE, USA) for BXPC3 cells, with antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin, Beyotime, Shanghai, China) and 2.5 ng/mL amphotericin B (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO₂ (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). Mycoplasma contamination was excluded using the MycoAlert PLUS Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza Bioscience, Basel, Switzerland).

HEK293T, HEK293, and SH‐SY5Y cells were purchased from Cell Bank in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai. The HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were a gift from Prof. Lihong Jia (China Medical University). HEK293T, HEK293, and HT22 cells were cultured in high‐glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS; 10%, CLARK, Australia), penicillin (100 U), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL) in 5% CO₂ at 37°C. SH‐SY5Y cells were cultured in high‐glucose DMEM/F12 (Genview, GF3105) supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin (100 U), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL) in 5% CO₂ at 37°C.