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6 protocols using cy3 labeled donkey anti rat igg

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment

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To detect TF expression and vasculature, tumor tissues were fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde and sliced tumor sections (10 µm) were stained with 20 µg mL−1 of ALT‐836 and 10 µg mL−1 of CD31/PECAM‐1 antibody (MEC13.3; Novus), respectively. The washed sections were then stained with 5 µg mL−1 of Alexa Fluor 488‐labeled goat anti‐human IgG (Invitrogen) and 5 µg mL−1 of Cy3‐labeled donkey anti‐rat IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.). After washing, the sections were mounted with the UltraCruz Hard‐set Mounting Medium containing 1.5 µg mL−1 of DAPI (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). All the fluorescent images were acquired using a Nikon A1R confocal microscope.[54] To detect the involvement of the adjacent structures, orthotopic tumors together with thyroid, trachea, muscle, and larynx were carefully resected at necropsy and used for H&E staining as previously described.[51]
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2

Immunofluorescent Analysis of Neurogenesis

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For immunofluorescent staining, brain sections were incubated with a rabbit monoclonal antibody against NR1 (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), a rat monoclonal antibody against BrdU (1:500; Immunologicals Direct, Oxford Biotechnology Ltd., UK), and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against Ki67 (1:500; Abcam) overnight at 4°C, followed by incubation with an Alexa Fluor 488 labeled goat-anti-rabbit IgG (1:500; Life Technologies Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and a Cy3 labeled donkey-anti-rat IgG (1:200; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA) for 1 hour at room temperature. A fluorescence microscope (Fv1000; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used for detection. There were 10 mice in each group, and 10 slices per mouse were chosen from their hippocampal dentate gyrus. The number of immunoreactive cells in each slice was counted and averaged in each group.
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3

Visualizing Tumor Microenvironment in Irradiated Mice

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Tumors, livers, and spleens of two tumor-bearing irradiated mice (7 days after 12 Gy in one fraction treatment) and two tumor-bearing naïve mice were collected and fixed in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Sakura Finetek USA, Inc.). Frozen tissue sections were sliced and stained with primary antibodies (10 μg mL−1 of RMT3–23 and 10 μg mL−1 of anti-CD45 antibody [Novus Biologicals]), followed by washing and incubation of secondary antibodies (5 μg mL−1 of Cy3-labeled donkey antirat IgG [Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.] and Alexa Fluor 488-labeled goat antimouse IgG [Invitrogen]). The washed sections were mounted with UltraCruz Hard-set Mounting Medium containing DAPI (4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and confocal images were acquired using a Nikon A1R confocal microscope.
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of CD146 in Tumor Tissues

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Immunofluorescence staining of both cancer cells and tumor tissue was performed to assess CD146 expression following a previously reported method18 (link). In brief, tumors were harvested from mice, embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound, frozen, and sectioned into 5 µm thick slices. Slices were fixed with cold acetone for ~10 min and then blocked with donkey serum for 30 min. Following, tissue sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with a mixture of YY146 (10 µg/mL) and rat anti-mouse CD31 mAb (BD Biosciences). Sections were rinsed with PBS, and bound primary mAb was visualized using AlexaFluor488-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) and Cy3-labeled donkey anti-rat IgG (The Jackson Laboratory) antibodies. Fluorescent images were recorded using a Nikon Digital Eclipse C1 plus microscope, equipped with 488 nm, 546 nm, and 633 nm excitation lasers.
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5

Vascular Imaging of Muscle Tissue

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Muscular tissue from the operated hindlimb was harvested, at different timepoints, and frozen in Tissue-Tek O.C.T compound (Sakura Finetek U.S.A., Inc. CA). The slices were fixed as reported previously12 (link) and then incubated with a mixture of YY146 (5 μg/mL) and rat anti-mouse CD31 antibody (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) for 1 h at RT. To allow visualization of positive areas, the slices were then incubated with AlexaFluor488-labeled goat anti-human IgG (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR) and Cy3-labeled donkey anti-rat IgG (Jackson Laboratories, West Grove, PA) secondary antibodies. All images were acquired with a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E microscope.
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of Tumor CD146

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Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate in situ CD146 expression following a formerly described methodology 19 (link). Briefly, after terminal imaging, tumors were surgically resected, embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound, and frozen. Tissue slices of 5-μm thickness were fixed with cold acetone for 10 min, rinsed with PBS, and blocked with 10% donkey serum for 20 min at RT. The slices were incubated overnight with a mixture of YY146 (10 μg/mL) and rat anti-mouse CD31 antibody (BD Biosciences) at 4 °C, then FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) and Cy3-labeled donkey anti-rat IgG (The Jackson Laboratory) secondary antibodies were added. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI. Confocal fluorescence images were acquired with a Nikon Digital Eclipse C1 plus microscope equipped with three excitation lasers (488 nm, 546 nm, and 633 nm).
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