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Anhydrous magnesium sulphate

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States

Anhydrous magnesium sulphate is a laboratory drying agent used to remove water from organic solvents and other liquids. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs water from the surrounding environment. The compound is commonly used in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry to dry reaction mixtures and extracts prior to further processing or analysis.

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8 protocols using anhydrous magnesium sulphate

1

Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis by LC-MS

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The standards of pesticides included in the multiresidue method of study were provided by LGC (Teddington, UK) and Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). The analytical standards were stored at −30°C. The standard-mix solution was prepared using individual stock solutions. Individual stock solutions (800–1000 mg/L) were prepared from each standard and stored in the dark at −30°C in amber glass vials.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 5.3 quality was supplied by Abello Linde (Madrid, Spain); LC-MS quality methanol used for mobile phase preparation was obtained from Fluka Analytical (Steinheim, Germany). LC-MS grade water from Fisher Chemical (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) was used. The additives ammonium formate and formic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The salts employed in the QuEChERS extraction (anhydrous magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogenocitrate sesquihydrate, and sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) except for PSA that was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
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2

Analytical-Grade Pesticide Extraction

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Analytical grade reagents of above 99% purity were used in the experiments. UPLC-grade acetonitrile and hexane were procured from VWR Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). Anhydrous magnesium sulphate, disodium hydrogen sesquihydrate, trisodium citrate dehydrate, sodium chloride, and the pesticide active ingredient standards were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Bornem, Belgium). Fifteen-milliliter d-SPE tubes were obtained from Waters (Zellik, Belgium). Water was produced locally though a Milli-Q purification system.
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3

Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity

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Solvents used for liquid chromatography were of HPLC grade. Hexane, methanol, dichloromethane, n-butanol, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, trolox®, 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable radical, anhydrous magnesium sulphate, and gallic acid were from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium carbonate was from Penta (Prague, Czechia).
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4

Pesticide Extraction and Analysis

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Standard pesticides of 98–99% purity were collected from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany). Acetonitrile, toluene, sodium chloride, PSA Bond silica (primary and secondary amine), graphite carbon black (GCB), triphenylphosphate (TPP) and anhydrous magnesium sulphate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). For analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade organic solvents were used.
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5

Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis Protocol

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The standards of pesticides included in the multiresidue method of study were provided by LGC (Teddington, United Kingdom) and Dr Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). The analytical standards were stored at -30 °C. The standard-mix solution was prepared using individual stock solutions. Individual stock solutions (800-1000 mg L -1 ) were prepared from each standard and stored in the dark at -40 °C in amber glass vials.
Acetone and ethyl acetate were obtained from Fluka Analytical (Steinheim, Germany). The salts employed in the QuECh-ERS extraction (anhydrous magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogenocitrate sesquihydrate, and sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, (Steinheim, Germany) except for PSA that was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Ultra-gradient HPLC-grade acetonitrile was obtained from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA).
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6

Antioxidant Compounds Analysis Protocol

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Lycopene, β-carotene, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylbroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (2 N), gallic acid, anhydrous sodium carbonate, Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix, sodium hydroxide, boron trifluoride–methanol (BF3-MeOH) (10–14%) complex solution, anhydrous magnesium sulphate, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, bioethanol, n-heptane and hexane used in this study were of analytical grade, from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). CO2 with 99.9% purity was acquired from Linde Gaz (Bucharest, Romania).
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7

Analytical Reagents for Metabolomics

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Solvents (acetonitrile, hexane, and methanol) were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water (<18, MΩcm resistivity) was obtained in the laboratory using a Milli-QSP® Reagent Water System (Millipore, Beadford, MA, USA).
Ammonium formate (99%), formic acid (≥98%), anhydrous magnesium sulphate, and sodium chloride were supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Syringe nylon filters (13 mm diameter 0.22 µm pore size) were obtained from Analysis Vinicos S.L. (Tomelloso, Spain). The derivatization reagent composed of BSA (N,O-bis(trimethylsily) + TMCS (trimthylcholorosilane) + TMSI (N-trimethylsilyimidazole) (3:2:3) was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium phosphate, used to prepare phosphate buffer, were acquired from Panreac Quimica S.L.U. (Barcelona, Spain).
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8

Synthetic Musks: Characterization and Quantification

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The synthetic polycyclic musks cashmeran (DPMI), celestolide (ADBI), galaxolide (HHCB), phantolide (AHMI) and tonalide (AHTN) were obtained from LGC Standards (Barcelona, Spain) as solid standards with 99% purity, except for HHCB which contains approximately 25% of diethyl phthalate. Musk tibetene (MT) and musk moskene (MM) were also purchased from LGC Standards, but as 10 mg L -1 solution in cyclohexane. Musk ambrette (MA) and musk ketone (MK) were purchased as solid standards from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany) with 99% and 98% purity, respectively. Musk xylene (MX) was purchased as 100 mg L -1 solution in acetonitrile, exaltolide (EXA) as a solid standard with ≥95% purity and ethylene brassylate (EB) with ≥99% purity to Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of each analyte (10 g L -1 ) were prepared in cyclohexane and the final mixed stock solution was prepared in acetonitrile.
All solutions were preserved at -20 o C and protected from the light. The chemical structures of the synthetic musks analysed in this study are shown in Fig. 1.
Anhydrous magnesium sulphate and sodium acetate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St.
Louis, MO, USA), while PSA bonded silica and C18 from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). The MgSO4 was baked at 450 ºC overnight before use. All organic solvents (analytical grade) were purchased from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).
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