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5 protocols using alexa fluor 568 conjugated anti mouse igg antibody

1

Immunocytochemistry for Macrophage Markers

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Stimulated and unstimulated macrophages were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‐100, and stained with a single antibody or combinations of anti–gasdermin D antibody (no. LS‐B4537; LifeSpan Biosciences), anti–caspase 1 antibody (no. ab‐1872; Abcam), anti–lipin 2 antibody (no. HPA017857; Sigma‐Aldrich), anti‐RANK antibody (no. ab222215; Abcam), and anti–IL‐1R1 antibody (no. ab106278; Abcam) for 12 hours, followed by Alexa Fluor 568–conjugated anti‐mouse IgG antibody (Invitrogen) or Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated anti‐rabbit IgG antibody (Abcam). DAPI (Molecular Probes) was used to visualize nuclei. Signals were visualized with a confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica SP8). Image processing was performed with Imaris 9.2.1 software.
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2

Visualizing Focal Adhesions and Stress Fibers

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Cells were cultured for 24 h on glass-bottomed dishes. Cells were then fixed with 4% formaldehyde (Sigma Adrich, MO, United States) for 20 min and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton-X (Sigma Aldrich) for 6 min at room temperature. After blocking with 2% bovine serum albumin (Sigma Adrich, MO, United States) for 1 h, primary antibody staining was performed for 2 h at room temperature. Focal adhesions (FAs) were stained using anti-mouse paxillin (Millipore, dilution 1:500), and anti-rabbit zyxin (Sigma, dilution: 1:800). Secondary antibody staining was performed for 1 h at room temperature, using Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (dilution 1:1,000) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody (dilution 1:1,000) from Invitrogen. Stress fibres were stained with Alexa Fluor 635 conjugated phalloidin (Invitrogen, dilution 1:100). Fixed samples were imaged using the Carl Zeiss LSM five LIVE inverted confocal microscope with a ×60 oil objective lens (Numerical Aperture 1.4) (Carl Zeiss Microscopy) at 12-bit.
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3

Immunostaining of Synaptic Proteins

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HEK293T cells or hippocampal neurons grown on coverslips were washed with PBS and fixed at room temperature using 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS for 10 min or 4% PFA and 4% sucrose in PBS for 15 min, respectively. For immunocytochemistry of endogenous PSD-95, hippocampal neurons were incubated with blocking solution (2% normal goat serum (NGS), 0.2% Triton X-100, PBS) for 1 h at room temperature. Cells were washed with PBS twice and then incubated in antibody solution (2% NGS, 0.2% Triton X-100, PBS) with anti-PSD-95 antibody (Millipore, MABN68) for overnight at 4°C. Cells were washed with PBS 3 times and incubated with antibody solution with Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (Molecular Probes, A-11019) for 1 h at room temperature. Cells were washed with PBS 4 times and embedded with Mounting Medium (Vectashield, H-1000). Cells were observed using FV3000 confocal microscopy (Olympus) equipped with a 40× objective lens (Olympus, N2246700), a 60× objective lens (Olympus, N1480700), or a 100× objective lens (Olympus, N5203100). Immersion oil (Olympus, IMMOIL-F30CC) or silicone immersion oil (Olympus, SIL300CS-30CC) were used for 60× and 100× lenses, respectively.
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Autophagy Markers

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HepG2 cells were seeded at 50 000 cells/well and A549 cells at 30 000 cells/well in 24-well plates 24 h before incubation with HFCP, pectin or etoposide for 24 h. After incubation, the cells were fixed and permeabilized for 10 min with a cold solution of 80% methanol and 20% acetone, rinsed three times with PBS-2% BSA and incubated for 2 h with primary antibodies. The primary antibody for LC3 staining was rabbit anti-LC3 (L7543 Sigma) (1/250 dilution), and the primary antibody for LAMP1 staining was mouse anti-LAMP1 (H4A3 received from August & Hildreth, Baltimore [13 (link)]). The cells were washed three times with PBS-2% BSA and then incubated for 1 h with the secondary antibodies. Alexa Fluor-488-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody and Alexa Fluor-568-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (Molecular Probes) were used at 1/1000 dilution. After 1 h of incubation, the cells were rinsed three times with PBS. For nuclear labeling, the cells were incubated for 30 min with TOPRO–3 (Molecular Probes, dil. 1/80) in the presence of 2 mg/ml RNAse and then rinsed three times with PBS. Finally, coverslips were mounted using Mowiol (Sigma, St Louis, USA), and the cells were observed with a fluorescent confocal microscope (Leica SP5).
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5

Lentiviral Transduction of Hippocampal Slices

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We prepared the hippocampal slices (350 μm thickness) from postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley rats and kept them in culture for 7–13 days in a CO2 incubator at 34°C, as described previously in other studies [14 (link),32 (link)]. Concentrated Lv-Kir2.1 solution was injected into the extracellular space of the pyramidal cell layer of the slice culture with Femtojet® and Femtotips II ® (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). The slices were incubated for 7 days until fixation. The fixed slices were counterstained with anti-NeuN antibody (MAB377; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and a secondary antibody (Alexa-Fluor-568-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) to visualize the neurons.
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