Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nadph

ARV-471 was synthesized in-house, and its identity and purity were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Dog liver microsome (DLM) was purchased from Corning Gentest (Glendale, AZ, USA). 7-Ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) was purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), MgCl 2 , DMSO, alamethicin, and uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) were from Meilunbio (Dalian, China). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). Ammonium acetate was from Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). Formic acid was purchased from RHAWN (Shanghai, China).
Acetonitrile (ACN) of LC-MS grade was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water was freshly prepared with a Millipore purification system (Molsheim, France).

Copper concentrate slag, iron ore slag, copper and sulfur ore slag, and cobalt-nickel-manganese waste residue were all provided by Hangzhou Customs, China. Chromatographic grade methanol and Rhodamine-123 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Phenacetin (purity > 98%), testosterone (purity > 98%), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH, purity > 98%) were procured from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Detection kits of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). All chemicals used were of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade and were used as received without any further puri cation and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All solutions were prepared with deionized water. Deionized water was prepared by a Milli-Q water puri cation system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).