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Nano tio2

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Nano-TiO2 is a type of titanium dioxide nanoparticle. It is a fine white powder composed of titanium and oxygen atoms. Nano-TiO2 has a high surface area to volume ratio due to its small particle size. This product is used in various applications, but a detailed description of its intended use is not available.

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4 protocols using nano tio2

1

Physicochemical Characterization of Anatase Nano-TiO2

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The anatase-phase Titanium (IV) oxide (Nano-TiO2, 99.7% purity) was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The size and morphology of Nano-TiO2 were evaluated by Tecnai G220 transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI, USA) and Sirion 200 scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI, Holland). Before SEM analysis, the nanoparticles were sputter-coated with gold and then dispersed in buffer and cast onto a carbon-coated copper grid sample holder followed by evaporation at room temperature. The specific surface area of the Nano-TiO2 particles was calculated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm.
The size and zeta potential of Nano-TiO2 were performed on DelsaTM Nano particle analysis instrument (Beckman Coulter, CA, USA). Additionally, the materials were examined for endotoxin content using a Toxin SensorTM Chromogenic LAL Endotoxin Assay Kit (Genscript, USA). No endotoxins were detected in Nano-TiO2.
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2

Characterization of Nano-TiO2 for Cytotoxicity Assays

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Nano-TiO 2 (P25, 25% rutile, and 75% anatase) with 21 nm was purchased from Degussa GmbH (Germany). The particle sizes and distribution of Nano-TiO 2 were measured by Tecnai G2 20 transmission electron microscope (FEI, Holland). Crystal structure was characterized by X'Pert Prox X-ray diffraction instrument (FEI). HaCaT cells were purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (China). Rhodamine 123, 2 0 ,7 0 -dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Modified Eagle medium (MEM), penicillin-streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Hyclone Laboratories Inc. All other chemicals were of the highest grade that could be obtained commercially.
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3

Characterization of Ni and TiO2 Nanoparticles

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Both Ni and TiO2nanoparticles (Nano-Ni and Nano-TiO2) were obtained fromInabata& Co., Ltd., Vacuum Metallurgical Co., Ltd., Japan. The detailed characterization of metal nanoparticles was described in our previous publications(Mo et al. 2019 (link); Wan et al. 2011 (link); Yuan et al. 2021 (link)). Briefly, the mean diameters of Nano-Ni and Nano-TiO2 in the powder are 20nm and 28nm determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the specific surface area is 43.8 m2/g for Nano-Ni, and 45.0 m2/g for Nano-TiO2. The mean size of particles and agglomerates in the cell culture medium is 250 nm for Nano-Ni and 280 nm for Nano-TiO2. The solubility of Nano-Ni is 16.48 ± 0.58 (ppm) in 1x PBS and 81.23 ± 3.76 (ppm) in the cell culture medium, and less than 1 ppm in both 1x PBS and cell culture medium for Nano-TiO2. Nano-Ni and Nano-TiO2 were prepared at 1 mg/mL in physiological saline, ultrasonicated for 10 min in an ultrasonic cleaner FS30 (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), which has an operating frequency of 40kHz, and vortexed thoroughly prior to adding to the cells in each experiment.
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4

Characterization of Nano-Ni and Nano-TiO2

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Nano-Ni (Lot No. 2237) and Nano-TiO2 (Lot No. TiO2-55–1) used in this study were obtained from Inabata & Co., Ltd., Vacuum Metallurgical Co., Ltd., Japan. Their characteristics were described previously [2 (link), 7 (link), 9 (link), 50 (link)]. Briefly, Nano-Ni is composed of Ni (85–90%) and NiO (10–15%), while Nano-TiO2 is composed of anatase (90%) and rutile (10%) [2 (link), 7 (link), 50 (link)]. The mean diameters of Nano-Ni and Nano-TiO2 in the powder are 20 nm and 28 nm determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their mean hydrodynamic sizes are 250 nm and 280 nm determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The specific surface area is 43.8 m2/g for Nano-Ni and 45.0 m2/g for Nano-TiO2 [2 (link), 7 (link), 9 (link)]. Nano-Ni and Nano-TiO2 were dispersed in physiological saline, ultrasonicated for 10 min in an ultrasonic cleaner FS30 (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), and vortexed thoroughly prior to each experiment.
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