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Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)

Manufactured by Vetec
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Sourced in Brazil, United States

DMSO is a colorless, odorless, and highly polar organic solvent. It has a high boiling point and low viscosity. DMSO is commonly used as a solvent in various laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ethanol, by Vetec (4 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Methanol, by Vetec (3 mentions) Tween 20, by Vetec (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Tedia (2 mentions) Penicillin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Amphotericin b, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Triton x 100, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetone, by Vetec (2 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Resazurin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Spectramax 190 microplate reader, by Molecular Devices (2 mentions) Ag wire, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Znpcs4, by Frontier Scientific (1 mentions) Poloxamer 188, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

29 protocols using dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)

1

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antibiotics on Bovine Mastitis

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The bioactive substances gut-A and 7-epi were studied. These substances were obtained from fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis (Martins F.T. et al., 2009 (link)), cultivated in the herbarium of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa, MG, Brazil), being the voucher specimen of the species, deposited under the number VIC2604.
The working solutions were prepared by the addition of 500 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, VETEC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) to 1 mg of each lyophilized substance, followed by the addition of 500 μL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL in 50% DMSO.
The following antibiotics used in the treatment of bovine mastitis were tested: ampicillin (AMP), ceftriaxone (CRO), amoxicillin with clavulanate (AMC), and gentamicin (GEN). Working solutions were prepared at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL in PBS.
Bioactive substances and antibiotics were tested on both isolates in triplicate and with four replicates. The working solutions were prepared on the day of the experiment in order to avoid possible degradation.
Maia N.L., de Barros M., de Oliveira L.L., Cardoso S.A., dos Santos M.H., Pieri F.A., Ramalho T.C., da Cunha E.F, & Moreira M.A. (2018). Synergism of Plant Compound With Traditional Antimicrobials Against Streptococcus spp. Isolated From Bovine Mastitis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1203.
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2

Preparation of Photosensitive ZnPcS4 Solution

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ZnPcS4 was purchased from Frontier Scientific (Logan, Utah, USA), Ag-wire (99.99%, + = 1.5 mm) and AgCl (99.99%) from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) from Galena (Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil). Deionized water (Milli-Q Millipore Simplicity 185, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to prepare all solutions.
Lemos C.N., de Souza J.G., Simão P.S, & Lopez R.F. (2016). Iontophoresis Improved Growth Reduction of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Topical Photodynamic Therapy. PLoS ONE, 11(1), e0145922.
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3

Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Formulation

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ZnPc, Poloxamer 188, and Fluoromount® were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT), N-1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride (DOTAP), and egg phospholipids with 80% phosphatidylcholine (Lipoid E80) were purchased from Lipoid (Ludwigshafen, Germany); polysorbate 80, sodium chloride, potassium phosphate monobasic, and sodium phosphate dibasic from Synth (São Paulo, Brazil); and Tissue Tek (O.C.T. Compound) from Sakura (Torrance, CA, USA). The water used in all preparations was of Milli-Q grade with conductivity of 0.055 µS/cm (Millipore, France).
Dalmolin L.F, & Lopez R.F. (2018). Nanoemulsion as a Platform for Iontophoretic Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs in Skin Tumors. Pharmaceutics, 10(4), 214.
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4

Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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The following materials were used in the present study: PPN (Pharma Nostra, Campinas, Brazil); PF127 (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA); acetonitrile (Tedia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); Conserve NOVAMINT® (methylisothiazolinone solution) (IPEL, Jarinu, Brazil), ethanol (Tedia); orthophosphoric acid (Tedia); Mentha piperita, Lamiaceae family (WNF, São Paulo, Brazil), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, Brazil), potassium bromide (MP Biomedicals, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil), fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich Co.); 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT; Sigma-Aldrich Co.); resazurine sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich Co.); phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), pH 7.2 (99mTc) (Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research [IPEN], São Paulo, Brazil).
Zanela da Silva Marques T., Santos-Oliveira R., Betzler de Oliveira de Siqueira L., Cardoso V.D., de Freitas Z.M., Barros R.D., Villa A.L., Monteiro M.S., dos Santos E.P, & Ricci-Junior E. (2018). Development and characterization of a nanoemulsion containing propranolol for topical delivery. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13, 2827-2837.
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5

Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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Folin–Ciocalteu, quercetin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin, l-glutamine, sodium bicarbonate and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich® (MO, USA). May-Grünwald–Giemsa stainings was acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, HE, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Hoechst 33342 dye and 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Invitrogen (Gibco®, NY, USA), whereas ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, diphenylboryloxiethylamine and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Vetec (RJ, Brazil).
de Oliveira Fernandes T., de Ávila R.I., de Moura S.S., de Almeida Ribeiro G., Naves M.M, & Valadares M.C. (2014). Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) fruits protect HEPG2 cells against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity. Toxicology Reports, 2, 184-193.
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6

Murine Macrophage Cytotoxicity Assay

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Murine macrophages (J774.A1, Rio de Janeiro Cell Bank, Brazil) were seeded in 96-well plates (1 × 105 mL−1) and incubated with compounds at 37 °C/5% CO2 for 48 h at concentrations of 0.25–250 µg·mL−1 to estimate IC50. Amphotericin B (Sigma-Aldrich®) was used as the reference drug (0.025–25 µg·mL−1). Cell growth was evaluated according to Skehan et al. [38 (link)] using the sulforhodamine B assay. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Vetec®, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was used as negative control at the concentration used to solubilize the highest concentration of compounds. IC50 was calculated by nonlinear regression curve. Selectivity index was calculated according to Medeiros et al. [39 (link)].
Costa E.C., Cassamale T.B., Carvalho D.B., Bosquiroli L.S., Ojeda M., Ximenes T.V., Matos M.F., Kadri M.C., Baroni A.C, & Arruda C.C. (2016). Antileishmanial Activity and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triazolic Compounds Derived from the Neolignans Grandisin, Veraguensin, and Machilin G. Molecules, 21(6), 802.
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7

Assessing Oxidative Stress Responses in Cells

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), nutrient mixture F-12 (Ham’s F-12), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), Triton X-100, protease inhibitor cocktail, bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). BD Cytofix/CytopermTM solution and BD cytometric bead array (CBA) human inflammatory cytokine kit (catalog no. 551811) were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin solution, Hoechst 33 342, and TrypLETM expression were acquired from Invitrogen/Life Technologies (Carlsbad, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-20 were obtained from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-human nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) (EP1808Y) antibody was acquired from Abcam Plc (Cambridge, United Kingdom). Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-COX-2 (sc-7951) was acquired from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Oliveira L.D., da Silva A.C., Thomaz D.V., Brandão F., da Conceição E.C., Valadares M.C., Bara M.T, & Silveira D. (2021). The Potential of Vouacapanes from Pterodon emarginatus Vogel Against COVID-19 Cytokine Storm. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 13(1), 150-159.
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8

Characterization of Bullfrog Oil Properties

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Bullfrog oil was provided by Asmarana Produtos Naturais (Natal, Brazil). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), potassium hydroxide, diethyl ether, hydrochloric acid (HCl), Tween® 20, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium carbonate were from VETEC (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Miglyol® 812 was a gift from Sasol (Witen, Germany). Butylhyldroxytoluene (BHT), buthylhydroxyanisole, potassium biphthalate, potassium dichromate, and Wijs solution were purchased from Labsynth (São Paulo, Brazil). Acetic acid, ethanol P.A, sodium bicarbonate, potassium iodide, starch, and chloroform were from Isofar (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Sucralose, Tutti-frutti flavoring and Acesulfame K were purchased from Valdequímica (São Paulo, Brazil). Xanthan gum, sodium benzoate and propylparaben were from ViaFarma (São Paulo, Brazil). Phenolphthalein was provided from Biotec Chemicals (Londrina, Brazil). Mucin Type II (Mucin from porcine stomach) and Span® 80 were from Sigma-Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil).
Moreira-Oliveira S.S., Amaral-Machado L., de Oliveira W.N., Alencar É.N., Zatta K.C., de Souza L.B., Medeiros A.D., Chaves G.M, & Egito E.S. (2018). Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. Pharmaceutics, 10(4), 257.
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9

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Doxorubicin

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Methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polisorbate, formaldehyde,sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were purchased from Vetec Química Fina Ltda (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Glutamine,RPMI 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum, penicillin,streptomycin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and Triton X-100 wereobtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Carbon dioxide (CO2) was from White Martins (Sao Paulo, Brazil) and doxorubicin (Doxolem) from Zodiac Produtos Farmacêuticos S/A (São Paulo, Brazil).
Burci L.M., da Silva C.B., Rondon J.N., da Silva L.M., de Andrade S.F., Miguel O.G., de Fátima Gaspari Dias J, & Miguel M.D. (2018). Acute and subacute (28 days) toxicity, hemolytic and cytotoxic effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed extracts. Toxicology Reports, 6, 1304-1308.
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10

Anti-inflammatory Compounds Screening

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Drugs and reagents used in this study (and their sources) were as follows: Croton oil (≈100%), arachidonic acid (AA, ≥99%), phenol (≥99%), capsaicin (≥99%), ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP, 98%), dexamethasone (Dexa, ≥97%), indomethacin (Indo, ≥99%), phosphoric acid (85%), rutin hydrate (≥94%), quercetin (≥95%), kaempferol (≥99%), apigenin (≥99%), apigenin7-O-β-d-glucoside (≥98%), luteolin (≥97%), luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucoside (≥98%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (≥99%), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride hydrate (≥98%), p-nitrophenyl-acetamide-µ-d-glucopyranoside (≥98%), sodium phosphate (96%), glycine (≥98.5%), and sodium citrate dehydrate (≥99%) (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.7%), hexane (≥99%), ethyl acetate (≥99%), and acetone (≥99%) (Vetec Química Farm Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), acetonitrile (≥99.9%) (Tedia, Brazil), and ketamine chloride (10%) and xylazine chloride (2%) (Syntec, Hortolândia, SP, Brazil).
Rodrigues K.C., Chibli L.A., Santos B.C., Temponi V.S., Pinto N.C., Scio E., Del-Vechio-Vieira G., Alves M.S, & Sousa O.V. (2016). Evidence of Bioactive Compounds from Vernonia polyanthes Leaves with Topical Anti-Inflammatory Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(12), 1929.
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