Meiqx

Beef was obtained from a local market in Changsha, China. Hydrocolloids including alginic acid, chitosan, carrageenan, xanthan gum, konjac glucomannan (KGM), pectin and gellan gum were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Chemical standards of HAs: PhIP, IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, IQx, Harmane and NorHarmane were supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Chemical standards of AGEs, N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), d₄-CML, N^ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and d₄-CEL, were obtained by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co. (Paso Robles, CA, USA). The standards of lysine, phenylalanine, creatinine, glucose, threonine, tryptophan, phenylacetaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, O-phenylendiamine, 2,3-hexanedione and nonafluoropentanoic acid (NFPA) were purchased from J&K Scientific Co, Ltd. (Beijing, China). Mass spectral grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Oasis MCX (3 cc/60 mg) cartridges were purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). The chemicals were all analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Beef was obtained from a local market in Changsha, China. Hydrocolloids including alginic acid, chitosan, carrageenan, xanthan gum, konjac glucomannan (KGM), pectin and gellan gum were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Chemical standards of HAs: PhIP, IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, IQx, Harmane and NorHarmane were supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Chemical standards of AGEs, N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), d₄-CML, N^ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and d₄-CEL, were obtained by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co. (Paso Robles, CA, USA). The standards of lysine, phenylalanine, creatinine, glucose, threonine, tryptophan, phenylacetaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, O-phenylendiamine, 2,3-hexanedione and nonafluoropentanoic acid (NFPA) were purchased from J&K Scientific Co, Ltd. (Beijing, China). Mass spectral grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Oasis MCX (3 cc/60 mg) cartridges were purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). The chemicals were all analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

The ginger powder and raw beef were purchased from local market (Changsha, China), deep eutectic solvents, including choline chloride, L-carnitine, betaine, glycerol, lactic acid, and xylitol, were purchased by Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, rutin, gallic acid, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra-methylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), and 2,4,6-tris-(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). AGEs standards, namely CML, CEL, Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-lysine-d4 (CML-d4), and Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine-d4 (CEL-d4), and HA standards, namely PhIP, IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, 7,8-DiMeIQx, IQx, Harmane, and NorHarmane, were supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).