Piperacillin

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the 32 CRISPR/Cas-positive P. aeruginosa isolates and 32 randomly selected CRISPR/Cas-negative isolates from the same sources was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique (Bauer 1966 (link)). Susceptibility to various groups of antimicrobial agents was examined; therefore, antibiotic discs (Bioanalyse®, Turkey): piperacillin (100 μg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100/10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), amikacin (30 μg), imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and levofloxacin (5 μg) were used. Zone of inhibition diameter was determined and elucidated in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI 2021 ).

The susceptibility of E. marmotae M-12 to antibiotics was determined by the standard disc-diffusion method. Testing was performed following EUCAST 2022 guidance on the Mueller–Hinton agar (Himedia). The following discs with antibiotics were used (20 antibiotics in total): amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20–10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (1.25–23.75 µg) (NICF, Russia); aztreonam (30 µg), piperacillin (30 µg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100–10 µg), amikacin (30 µg), tobramycin (10 µg), ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (75–10 µg), ticarcillin (75 µg) (Bioanalyse, Turkey); ampicillin (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), imipenem (10 µg), cefotaxime (5 µg), cefepime (30 µg), ceftazidime (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), levofloxacin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), trimethoprim (5 µg) (HiMedia, India).