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20 protocols using rapid hyb buffer

1

Telomeric and ALU Probe Hybridization

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Input DNA and ChIP DNA (10 and 20 ng) were spotted on N+ Hybond membrane from Amersham Biosciences prewetted with 2× SSC (saline-sodium citrate) buffer and UV-cross-linked. The membranes were then blocked for 1 h at 37 °C using Rapid-Hyb buffer from Amersham Biosciences. Telomeric probes ((TTAGGG)4) or PCR-purified ALU probes were radiolabeled and hybridized to spotted DNA on the membranes at 37 °C overnight. The probes were washed off using successive 10-min washes of 2× SSC buffer, 2× SSC buffer with 0.1% SDS, and 0.2× SSC buffer. The membranes were then exposed to an imaging plate (Phosphor) and imaged using a Bio-Rad PhosphorImager.
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2

Visualizing Rhizobium Plasmids

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Rhizobium plasmids were visualized by the Eckhardt procedure [12 (link)]. Gels were transferred onto Hybond N+ membranes (Amersham) using the manufacturer’s protocol and cross-linked using a UV cross linker unit (Stratagene). Hybridizations were performed overnight using α32P-dCTP-labelled probes (Megaprime kit; Amersham) under high-stringency conditions (65 °C in rapid-Hyb buffer, Amersham). Hybridization signals were detected with a PhosphorImager (Molecular Dynamics).
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3

Northern Blot Analysis of sRNA Expression

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Cells were grown overnight in LB broth with 100 μg/mL ampicillin, where necessary. Overnight cultures were diluted 1:100 in fresh medium, and growth continued to the exponential phase (OD600 ≈ 0.6). IPTG (1 mM) was added to cultures for sRNA overexpression. After 20 min, cultures were directly extracted using the acidic hot phenol method, as described previously70 (link).
Northern blot analysis was performed as follows: 10 μg total RNAs were fractionated on a 5% polyacrylamide gel containing 7 M urea, and electrotransferred onto a HybondTM-XL membrane (Amersham Biosciences) via TE70 ECL Semi-dry transfer unit (Amersham Biosciences) at 185 mA for 1 h. Membranes were hybridized with 5′-32P labeled oligonucleotide probes in Rapid-Hyb buffer (Amersham Biosciences) at 42 °C, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In most cases, the probe rnpBXb1 was used for detection of overexpressed sRNA from library plasmids. In cases where sRNA was not detected with rnpBXb1, specific oligonucleotide probes were used (listed in Supplementary Table 3). Hybridization signals were assessed using Image Analyzer FLA7000 (Fuji).
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4

Northern Blot Analysis of IRAIN in Breast Cancer

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Total RNA from breast cancer samples was separated by electrophoresis on a 1.5% (w/v) denaturing agarose gel, transferred to a Hybond-N nylon membrane (Amersham, UK) and cross-linked with UV light. The probe was prepared from the IRAIN clone DNA with 32P-dCTP labeling using Megaprime DNA Labelling Kit (Amersham, UK). The membrane was prehybridized in Rapid-hyb buffer (Amersham) for 30 min, followed by hybridization with the labeled probe at 65°C for 2 h. The membrane was exposed to X-ray film overnight and the image was scanned by a densitometer.
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5

Northern Blot Analysis of Mitochondrial Transcripts

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RNA was isolated from heart tissue either by using the ToTALLY RNA isolation kit (Ambion) or by using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen), and subjected to DNase treatment (TURBO DNA-free, Ambion). 1–2 μg of total RNA was denatured in RNA Sample Loading buffer (Sigma), electrophoresed in 1 or 1.8% formaldehyde-MOPS agarose gels prior transfer onto Hybond-N+ membranes (GE Healthcare). After UV crosslinking the membranes were successively hybridized with various probes at 65°C in RapidHyb buffer (Amersham) and then washed in 2x SSC/0.1% SDS and 0.2x SSC/0.1% SDS before exposure. Mitochondrial probes used for visualization of mRNA and rRNA levels were restriction fragments labeled with α-32P-dCTP and a random priming kit (Agilent). Different tRNAs and 7S rRNA were detected using specific oligonucleotides labeled with γ-32P-dATP. Radioactive signals were detected by autoradiography.
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6

Northern Blotting for RNA Analysis

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Northern blotting was performed according to a previously published protocol (Miyakoshi et al., 2019 (link)). Briefly, total RNA was isolated using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen), treated with TURBO DNase (Invitrogen), and precipitated with cold ethanol. RNA was quantified using NanoDrop One (Invitrogen). Total RNA (5 µg) was separated by gel electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide/7 M urea gels in 1 × TBE buffer for 3 hr at 250 V using Biometra Eco‐Maxi system (Analytik‐Jena). DynaMarker RNA Low II ssRNA fragments (BioDynamics Laboratory) were used as a size marker. RNA was transferred from the gel onto Hybond‐XL nylon membrane (GE Healthcare) by electroblotting for 1 hr at 50 V using the same system. The membrane was crosslinked with transferred RNA by 120 mJ/cm2 UV light, incubated for prehybridization in Rapid‐Hyb buffer (Amersham) at 42℃ for 1 hr, and then incubated for hybridization with a [32P]‐labeled probe JVO‐0749 and JVO‐0322 at 42℃ overnight to detect GcvB and 5S rRNA, respectively. The membrane was washed in three 15‐min steps in 5× SSC/0.1% SDS, 1× SSC/0.1% SDS, and 0.5× SSC/0.1% SDS buffers at 42℃. Signals were visualized on Typhoon FLA7000 scanner (GE Healthcare) and quantified using Image Quant TL software (GE Healthcare).
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7

Genotyping of Neomycin Resistance Gene

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Genome DNA of the tail snips or ES cells was digested with EcoRІ. The probe used in Southern blot analysis for the Neor gene was generated by PCR with primers (5′-CCGGTGCCCTGAATGAACTGCAGG-3′ and 5′-CCAACGCTATGTCCTGATAGCGGT-3′). Southern blot hybridization was performed at 68°C in Rapid-Hyb Buffer (Amersham) with the 32P-labeled probes, followed by washing at room temperature and then at 68°C. Autoradiography was performed with FLA-7000 (Fuji Film).
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8

Quantifying microRNA Expression in Cardiac Tissue

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Total RNA was isolated from cardiac tissue samples by using Trizol reagent (Gibco/BRL). Northern blots (van Rooij et al, 2008 (link)) to detect microRNAs were performed as described previously described. A U6 probe served as a loading control (IDT). 10 ug of total RNA from the indicated tissues was loaded on 20% acrylamide denaturing gels and transferred to Zeta-probe GT genomic blotting membranes (Bio-Rad) by electrophoresis. After transfer, the blots were cross-linked and baked at 80°C for 1 h. To maximize the sensitivity of miRNA detection, oligonucleotide probes were labeled with the Starfire Oligos Kit (IDT, Coralville, IA) and α-32P dATP (Amersham or Perkin Elmer). Probes were hybridized to the membranes overnight at 39°C in Rapid-hyb buffer (Amersham), after which they were washed twice for 10 min at 39°C with 0.5× SSC containing 0.1% SDS. The blots were exposed and quantified by PhosphorImager analysis (GE HealthCare Life Sciences) and a U6 probe served as a loading control (ABI). The intensity of the radioactive signal was used to quantify the fold change in expression using a phosphorimager and ImageQuant (Bio-Rad).
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9

Northern Blot Analysis of Small RNAs

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2 µg of total RNA in RNA loading dye (NEB) was separated by gel electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide/7 M urea gels in 1xTBE buffer for 3 h at 250 V and was electroblotted onto Hybond-XL nylon membrane (GE Healthcare) for 1 h at 50 V using Biometra Eco-Maxi system (Analytik-Jena). The membrane was crosslinked by 120 mJ/cm2 UV light. Oligonucleotides JVO-2624 and JVO-0485 to detect HPnc4160 and 5 S rRNA, respectively9 (link), were 5′-end-labeled with [32P]-γ-ATP by T4 polynucleotide kinase (Nippon Gene) and purified over G25 columns (GE Healthcare). After prehybridization in Rapid-Hyb buffer (Amersham), the [32P]-labeled probe was hybridized at 42 °C overnight. Membrane was washed in three steps in 5x SSC/0.1% SDS, 1x SSC/0.1% SDS and 0.5x SSC/0.1% SDS buffers for 15 min at 42 °C. Signals were visualized on Typhoon FLA7000 scanner (GE Healthcare).
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10

Quantifying Telomere and Repeat Sequences

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For dot blot analysis, ChIP DNA was denatured at 95°C and dot blotted on hybond membrane (Amersham) in 2X SSC buffer. Membranes were pre-hybridized in Rapid-Hyb buffer (Amersham) for 15 min. Following this, hybridization with a DIG-labelled telomeric probe (CCCTAA)3, DIG-labeled Alu probe (5'—GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCA -3') and DIG-labeled α-satellite repeat sequences probe (5’-AGAGTGTTTCAAAACTGCTCTATCA AAAGGAATGTTCAACGCGTGATC-3’) was performed for 3 hours at 42°C and membranes washed with 2X SSC and 0.1% SDS three times before exposing overnight on phosphoimager imaging plate. All data were scanned using FUJI Phosphoimager FLA2000. Data was processed and quantified using Multi Gauge image analysis software.
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