Doxorubicin hydrochloride

Manufactured by Meilun

Sourced in China

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a red crystalline powder. It is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic that intercalates with DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, leading to cell death.

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Close spelling variants of this product

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) (28 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) (15 citations) Doxorubicin (13 citations)

15 protocols using doxorubicin hydrochloride

Glioblastoma Treatment Protocol with Nanoparticles

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Fmoc-protected amino acids were purchased from GL Biochem Ltd (Shanghai, China). HSPC (hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine) and mPEG₂₀₀₀-DSPE were obtained from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Cholesterol was supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Near infrared dye DiR was obtained from Invitrogen, USA. Sephadex G50 and 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) were provided by Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Doxorubicin hydrochloride was supplied by Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). Rat tail collagen Type I was purchased from Shengyou Biological Technology Co. (Hangzhou, China). DNase I and collagenase were supplied by Dingguo Biological Technology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China).
Human glioblastoma cells (U87), human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and brain capillary endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were obtained from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, cultured in special Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco). ICR mice and BALB/c nude mice aged 4-6 weeks were supplied by Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China) and housed under SPF conditions. All animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the guidelines evaluated and approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University.

Belhadj Z., Zhan C., Ying M., Wei X., Xie C., Yan Z, & Lu W. (2017). Multifunctional targeted liposomal drug delivery for efficient glioblastoma treatment. Oncotarget, 8(40), 66889-66900.

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Multifunctional Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol

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BSA, L-glutathione (GSH), rhodamin B isothiocyanate (RBITC), and 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindo tricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Vanillin was obtained from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride was supplied by Dalian Meilun Biotech Co. Ltd (Dalian, People’s Republic of China). Nystatin was purchased from HeFei BoMei Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Hefei, People’s Republic of China). Lysotracker Green DND-26, RPMI-1640 medium, fetal bovine serum, and antibiotics (penicillin 10,000 units/mL, streptomycin 10,000 μg/mL) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). 4′, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was purchased from Vector Laboratories, Inc. (Burlingame, CA, USA). Methanol and acetonitrile were of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade, other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and used as received.

Li F., Zheng C., Xin J., Chen F., Ling H., Sun L., Webster T.J., Ming X, & Liu J. (2016). Enhanced tumor delivery and antitumor response of doxorubicin-loaded albumin nanoparticles formulated based on a Schiff base. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 11, 3875-3890.

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Preparation and Characterization of Doxorubicin-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles

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Chitosan (CHI, molecular weight (MW) around 179.17 kDa, high viscosity (>400 mPa.s)), TPP and HEP (185 USP units/mg) were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was purchased from Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Polyethyleneimine (PEI, MW=25,000), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N- hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium (NHS) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). FBS, DMEM/F12 (1:1) cell culture media, 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA and other cell culture-related reagents were purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). Human LEC line (HLE B3, CRL-11421^TM) was originated from American Type Culture Collection. Foldable hydrophobic IOLs were supplied by 66 Vision Tech Co., LTD (Suzhou, China). The clinical postoperative administration drugs were obtained from Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). All other chemicals were analytical grade and used without further purification.

Han Y., Tang J., Xia J., Wang R., Qin C., Liu S., Zhao X., Chen H, & Lin Q. (2019). Anti-Adhesive And Antiproliferative Synergistic Surface Modification Of Intraocular Lens For Reduced Posterior Capsular Opacification. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 9047-9061.

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Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanotherapeutics

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All reagents and solvents were purchased commercially and used without further purification unless specially noted. The deionized water used in all experiments was produced by a Milli-Q water purification system with a specific resistance greater than 18.25 MΩ cm at 25 °C. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was supplied by Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Zhejiang Tianhang Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) was obtained from A.V.T. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). H₂O₂ assay kit was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Monostearin was obtained from Aladdin Reagents Co., Ltd. Other chemicals were purchased from Sigma‒Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, USA).

Zhang X., He C., Sun Y., Liu X., Chen Y., Chen C., Yan R., Fan T., Yang T., Lu Y., Luo J., Ma X, & Xiang G. (2021). A smart O2-generating nanocarrier optimizes drug transportation comprehensively for chemotherapy improving. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 11(11), 3608-3621.

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Dual-Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery System

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The star-shaped polymer CA-PLGA and the following nanoparticles were synthesized according to previously work [41 (link)]. DTX was obtained from Shanghai Jinhe Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (purity: 99.9%, Shanghai, China). Dopamine hydrochloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) agent were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). PEG-NH₂, FITC-PEG-NH₂ and Mal-PEG-NH₂ were obtained from Shanghai Yare Biotech, Inc. (Shanghai, China). AS1411 (Apt-SH: 5′-GGT GGT GGT GGT TGT GGT GGT GGT GG-3′-thiol) was obtained from GenePharma Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, Jiangsu, China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride was obtained from Dalian Meilun Biology Technology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). The human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD).

Liu G., Gao N., Zhou Y., Nie J., Cheng W., Luo M., Mei L., Zeng X, & Deng W. (2019). Polydopamine-Based “Four-in-One” Versatile Nanoplatforms for Targeted Dual Chemo and Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 11(10), 507.

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Multifunctional Nanoparticle Synthesis

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Monomethoxy-poly (ethylene glycol) (mPEG, Mw 5000 g/mol), ε-caprolactone, lithium diisopropylamide 3(LDA), benzyl chloroformate, triethylamine (TEA), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloridetrimethylamine (EDCI), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), pyrene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Nitric acid (65%) and hydrogen peroxide (30%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). N-(2-aminoethyl) maleimide and indocyanine green (ICG) were purchased from TCI Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). BSH (99.5 atoms% ¹⁰B) was purchased from Katchem Co., Ltd. (Prague, Czechoslovakia). Doxorubicin hydrochloride was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). iRGD(CRGDKGPDC) were customized from GL Biochem Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Recombinant human endostatin (Endostar) was kindly provided from Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). DAPI and Lyso-Tracker Red were purchased from Beyotime Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetal-PEG was synthesized according to the reference.18 (link) All other materials and solvents were of reagent grade and used as received.

Chen J., Yang Q., Liu M., Lin M., Wang T., Zhang Z., Zhong X., Guo N., Lu Y., Xu J., Wang C., Han M, & Wei Q. (2019). Remarkable Boron Delivery Of iRGD-Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 8161-8177.

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Synthesis of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O, Cr(CH₃COO)₃, SnCl₄, ammonium hydroxide (NH₃·H₂O), Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), disodium maleate, MnSO₄·H₂O, and glutathione (GSH) are purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Gallium (III) nitrate solution is purchased from Alfa Aesar (Shanghai, China). Methoxy PEG Silane (M_W = 2000) is ordered from SHANGHAI ZZBIO Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride is obtained from Dalian Meilun Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). All the initial chemicals are of analytical grade and used without further purification.

Zou R., Li J., Yang T., Zhang Y., Jiao J., Wong K.L, & Wang J. (2021). Biodegradable manganese engineered nanocapsules for tumor-sensitive near-infrared persistent luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging and simultaneous chemotherapy. Theranostics, 11(17), 8448-8463.

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Thermosensitive Doxorubicin Nanocarriers

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1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC) and Mal-PEG-DSPE were purchased from Avanti. Thermosensitive copolymer 09JA and K3 were synthesized in our previous works [35 ,42 ,43 (link)]. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was purchased from Dalian Meilun. The dialysis-membrane was purchased from Spectrum. Cell Counting Kit-8 Test Kit was purchased from DOJINDO. Fetal Calf Serum, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was purchased from GIBCO. Anti-HER-2-Fab provided by Zhangjiang Biotechnology. All chemicals are analytical grades and used as received. Milli-Q water (18 MΩ cm) was used for all solution preparations. All glassware was treated with freshly prepared aqua regia and was used after rinsing with water three times.

Zhao M., Zhu X., Li B., Yan C., Wu C., He L., Cao J., Lu F., Chen H, & Li W. (2024). Potent cancer therapy by liposome microstructure tailoring with active-to-passive targeting and shell-to-core thermosensitive features. Materials Today Bio, 26, 101035.

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Graphene Oxide-Based Cancer Therapy

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Graphene oxide was obtained from Su Zhou Hengqiu Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. Chitosan oligosaccharide and doxorubicin hydrochloride were provided by Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. γ‐Polyglutamic acid was purchased from Xi'an Wanfang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. EDC and NHS were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. Nucleic acid aptamer NH₂‐AS1411 (5’‐NH₂‐GGTGGTGGTG GTTGTGGTGGTGGTGG‐3’) was synthesized by Sangon Biotech. MTT and DAPI were provided by Shanghai Yesen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. DMEM was obtained from Sangon Biothch. Hela cells and Beas‐2B cells were obtained from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology.

Liu B., Yang W., Che C., Liu J., Si M., Gong Z., Gao R, & Yang G. (2021). A Targeted Nano Drug Delivery System of AS1411 Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based Composites. ChemistryOpen, 10(4), 408-413.

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Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanoparticle Formulation

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Doxorubicin hydrochloride, MTT and DiR were supplied by Meilun Biotech Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China). 1,2-distearoyl-sn‑glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethyleneglycol)−2000] (DSPE-PEG2k), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol were purchased from Shanghai Advanced Vehicle Technology Pharmaceutical Ltd., (Shanghai, China). Ferric ammonium citrate and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Yuwang Pharm. (Shandong, China). GSH were offered by Aladdin (Shanghai, China). C11-BODIPY 581/591 were purchased from Maokang Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). ROS Assay Kit and GSH Assay Kit were offered by Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Sepharose CL-4B gel, hydroxyethyl piperazine ethylsulfonic acid (HEPES) and Hoechst 33,342 was provided by Solarbio Science and Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). 96-well plates were purchased from NEST Biotechnology (Wuxi, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Hyclone (Beijing, China).

Yang Y., Zuo S., Li L., Kuang X., Li J., Sun B., Wang S., He Z, & Sun J. (2021). Iron-doxorubicin prodrug loaded liposome nanogenerator programs multimodal ferroptosis for efficient cancer therapy. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16(6), 784-793.

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