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14 protocols using irdye infrared secondary antibody

1

Immunoblot Analysis of Protein Extracts

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Proteins were extracted, sonicated, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 45 min at 4oC, and supernatants used for immunoblot analysis, as previously described (5 (link),6 ). Actin was always used as an internal loading control. Primary antibodies used were as follows: anti GSAP full length (1:200) and GSAP-16kDa (1:150) (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA); anti-TMP21 (1:200), anti-CD-147 (1:200), anti-caspase-3, anti-caspase-7 (1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Dallas, TX), anti-APP (1:200), anti CTF-α and CTF-β (1:200) (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); anti-β-actin (1:200). IRDye infrared secondary antibodies were from LI-COR Bioscience.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Phospho-Src

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Neurons were lysed with ice-cold RIPA buffer (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with protease (Complete, Roche; 1 pill per 10 ml of lysis buffer) and phosphatase inhibitors (Phostop, Roche; 1 pill per 10 ml of lysis buffer). Lysates were centrifuged at 14,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C and supernatants were stored at −80 °C. Total protein concentration was determined by DC Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.) and 10 μg of total proteins were mixed with a same volume of sample buffer and incubated at 95 °C for 5 min and loaded into 10% PAGE gels (Mini-protean TGX precast gels, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.). Proteins were transferred to PVDF membrane using Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.). Blots were blocked for 30 min using Odyssey Blocking Buffer (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) and incubated with primary antibody for 2-hours at room temperature. The primary antibodies used were: rabbit anti-phospho Src-pY418 (Life Technologies, 1:1,000) and mouse anti-alpha tubulin (Abcam, 1:10,000). IRDye infrared secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences) were used at concentration 1:10,000–1:20,000. Immunoreactivity was captured and quantified using the Odyssey Infrared imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences).
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3

Src Kinase and Dynamin Regulation in Autophagy

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EtOH was purchased from Pharmaco‐AAPER (Brookfield, CT). IRDye infrared secondary antibodies and blocking buffer were from Li‐COR Biosciences (Lincoln, NE). BODIPY 493/503 was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Protease inhibitor cocktail, phosphatase inhibitor cocktail‐3, SU6656 (selective inhibitor of Src kinase), and dynasore hydrate (a noncompetitive inhibitor of the Dyn2 GTPase) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Rabbit polyclonal anti‐Src antibody and mouse monoclonal anti‐LAMP1 antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Rabbit polyclonal anti‐phospho Src (Tyr418) antibody and mouse anti‐actin antibody were from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Rabbit polyclonal anti‐LC3B antibody was obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). Anti‐p62/SQSTM1 was purchased from Medical and Biological Laboratories Ltd (Nayoga, Japan). The rabbit polyclonal antibodies rose against Dyn2 and pDyn2 were kindly provided by Mark A. McNiven (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN). All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO) unless stated otherwise.
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4

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Cells were collected using RIPA buffer with 1X protease inhibitor cocktail (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) and 1X phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Protein concentration was determined by Bradford Assay (BioRad, Hercules, CA). Gel electrophoresis was performed with BioRad precast gels and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. PVDF membranes were blocked with Odyssey blocking buffer (LI-COR Biosciences Lincoln, NE) and then incubated with primary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) overnight at 4°C. PVDF membranes were then washed and incubated with IRDye infrared secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences) for 1 hour at room temperature. Protein bands on the blots were scanned with an Odyssey Fc Imager (LI-COR Biosciences) and quantified using the ImageStudio program (LI-COR Biosciences). Primary antibodies against p21, p53, phosphorylated-p53 (Serine-15), and GAPDH were used at 1:1,000 dilution. Secondary antibodies were used at 1:10,000 dilutions.
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5

Immunoblot Analysis of Protein Extracts

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Proteins were extracted, sonicated, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 45 min at 4 oC, and supernatants used for immunoblot analysis, as previously described17 (link)18 . Actin was always used as an internal loading control. Primary antibodies used were as follows: anti GSAP full length (1:200) and GSAP-16 kDa (1:150) (Thermo Scientific); anti-5LO (1:500) (BD Bioscience); anti-12-15LO (1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Dallas, TX); anti-TMP21 (1:200), anti-CD147(1:200), anti-caspase-3 (1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Dallas, TX); anti-β-actin (1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Dallas, TX). IRDye infrared secondary antibodies were from LI-COR Bioscience (Lincoln, NE).
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6

Cell Lysis and Protein Detection

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Adherent and detached cells were harvested by scraping, washed in PBS and lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors (Thermo Scientific). For studies of tubulin, cells were harvested in lysis buffer (20 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaC1, 1mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100 with protease and phosphatase inhibitors), frozen and sonicated to clarify. Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford assay using Coomassie Protein Assay Reagent (Thermo Scientific). Samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose or PVDF. The following antibodies were used: mouse anti-Mcl-1, rabbit anti-Bak, and rabbit anti-Bax (Abcam); mouse anti-β-actin (Thermo Scientific, BA3R); rabbit anti-cleaved PARP Asp214, rabbit anti-XIAP and rabbit anti-Bcl-XL (Cell Signaling Technologies), mouse anti-human CD71 (transferrin receptor) PE conjugate (Biolegend), mouse anti-acetylated tubulin (Sigma, T7451), mouse anti-a-tubulin (Sigma, T9026), and GAPDH (Millipore, 6C5). HRP-conjugated mouse and rabbit secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies or Cell Signaling Technologies) were visualized using SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Pierce). Alternatively, IRDye infrared secondary antibodies (LiCor) were utilized and blots scanned on the Odyssey (LiCor).
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7

Immunoblot Analysis of Alzheimer's Proteins

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Protein extracts were sonicated, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 45 min at 4oC, and supernatants used for immunoblot analysis, as previously described (5 , 7 (link), 8 (link)). Actin was always used as an internal loading control. Primary antibodies used were as follows: anti GSAP full length (1:200) and GSAP-16kDa (1:150) (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA); anti-TMP21 (1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotech, Dallas, Texas); anti-APP (1:200), anti-APH-1 (1: 200) anti- CTF-α and anti-CTF-β(1:200) (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); anti-PS1 (1: 200), anti-Nicastrin (1: 200) (Cell signaling, Danvers, MA); anti-Pen-2 (1: 200) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA); anti-β-actin (1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotech, Dallas, Texas). IRDye infrared secondary antibodies were from LI-COR Bioscience (Lincoln, Nebraska).
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8

Quantifying Neurotrophic Factor Signaling

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Western blots of the media and cell lysates from cultured neurons were performed using the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences). Cell lysates were collected using a lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors for mammalian cell/tissue extracts (Sigma Aldrich). Media samples were immunoprecipitated with Myc antibodies bound to protein G Sepharose beads (Thermo Scientific). The following primary antibodies were used: mouse anti-Myc (Sigma Aldrich), 1:500 dilution; rabbit anti-Myc (Cell Signaling Technology), 1:1,000 dilution; mouse anti-Flag (Sigma Aldrich), 1:1,000 dilution; mouse anti-alpha tubulin (Sigma Aldrich), 1:1,000 dilution; chicken anti-TrkB (Abcam) 1:15,000 dilution; rabbit anti-TrkB (Cell Signaling Technology) 1:1,000 dilution; rabbit anti-phospho TrkB (Cell Signaling Technology) 1:1,000 dilution. Appropriate IRDYE infrared secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences) or biotinylated secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.) were purchased and used at a dilution of 1:10,000.
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9

Proteasome Complex Fractionation and Analysis

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Collected fractions (60 μl total volume mixed with 2× loading buffer; Bio-Rad, USA) after gradient fractionation were subjected to 4–12% SDS-PAGE and probed with pan alpha antibody (proteasome 20S α1, 2, 3, 5, 6 & 7 subunits, mAb [MCP231], Enzo Life Sciences) or β5 (PSMB5) antibodies to locate the 20S complex and with S8 antibody (proteasome 19S ATPase subunit Rpt6, mAb [p45–110], Enzo Life Sciences) to locate the 19S cap. The β5 (PSMB5), a generous gift from Dr. Xuejun Wang, successfully worked for the striatum and hippocampus tissues. IRDye infrared secondary antibodies (LI-COR, USA) provided high-sensitivity visualization. GM-130 (cis-Golgi marker, #ab52649) and calnexin (ER membrane marker, ab13504) antibodies were purchased from Abcam (USA). Anti-Eno2 polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (sc-31859 and sc-376375) were purchased from Santa Cruz (USA).
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10

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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HEK293 cells were lysed on ice for 60 min in lysis buffer containing 10 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 1% Triton X-100, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, and freshly added protease inhibitors (Roche Complete Protease Mini, Cat # 4693159001) and phosphatase inhibitors (PhosStop pellets, Sigma Aldrich, Cat # 4906845001). Cell lysates were centrifuged at 15,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C. Supernatant was collected as the soluble fraction. The pellet was washed 3 times with lysis buffer and centrifuged at 15,000 × g for 5 min each at 4°C. The pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer supplemented with 4% SDS, sonicated 3 times, boiled for 30 min, and collected as the insoluble fraction. Protein concentration was determined using Lowry Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). For Western blot analysis, proteins were subjected to 4%–12% bis-tris midi gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Membrane was blocked with Odyssey Blocking Buffer (Fisher Scientific). The following primary antibodies were used: mouse anti-Myc (Cell Signaling, Cat # 2276, 1:1000 dilution) and mouse anti-beta tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat # T8328, 1:8000 dilution). Appropriate IRDye infrared secondary antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10000. Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences) was used to detect the signal of target proteins.
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