Ptcl4

Chitosan (low M_w of 50–190 kDa, 75%–85% deacetylated), sodium borohydride (98%), 4‑nitrophenol (ReagentPlus, >99%), K₂PdCl₄ (98%), PtCl₄ (96%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA); polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB, Biomer P209) from Biomer (Krailing, Germany); nitric acid (65%) from Lach-ner (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Deionized water (DI; 18.2 MΩ·cm^–1, ELGA, Veolia Water, Marlow, UK) was used in all of the experiments.

One-component model feeds were prepared by dissolving in HCl the required amounts of PtCl₄ (94%) and PdCl₂ (99.9%) supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Germany). A two-component model feed containing 1.25 × 10⁻³ M Pt(IV) and 1.25 × 10⁻³ M Pd(II) was prepared by mixing one-component model solutions of Pt(IV), Pd(II). The concentration of H⁺ in the aqueous solutions was determined (702 SM Titrino, Metrohm) by potentiometric titration with 0.1 M NaOH solution.
We had 0.1 M ammonia, 3 M HCl, and 3 M HNO₃, 0.1 M thiourea in 0.5 M HCl solutions, which were used as stripping phases. All the inorganic chemicals were of analytical grade and were supplied by Chempur, Poland.
The organic solutions were prepared by dissolving the required amount of quaternary pyridinium salts: 3-[1-(2-ethylhexyloxyimine)methane]-1-propylpyridinium chloride, 3-[1-(decyloxyimine)methane]-1-propylpyridinium chloride, 3-[1-(decyloxyimine)ethane] -1-propylpyridinium chloride, and 4-[1-amine(2-ethylhexyloxyimine)]-1-propylpyridinium chloride in toluene. Structures of the applied extractants are presented in Figure 1, and the synthesis is described in Section 2.2.

PtCl₄ (Sigma Aldrich, #379840) was dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) at 50 mM, aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use.
To assess the ideal concentration, PtCl₄ was added to HEV RNA (90 µL) and to the HEV serum sample (90 µL) to reach final concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM. The samples were incubated for 30 min on ice while shaking at 300 RPM.
Similarly, RNase A (VWR, #E866) was added to HEV RNA (90 µL) and to the HEV serum sample (90 µL) to reach final concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg/mL, and samples were incubated for one hour at 37 °C. The enzymatic reaction was halted by adding 140 U of RNase OUT (Thermo Fisher, #10154652) for 30 min at room temperature.

Cholesterol, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt, chloroform, cisplatin, PtCl₄, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 40 k), HCl (37%, w/w), NaBH₄ and water were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) in ACS purity. Hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine from soybean was a gift from Lipoid GMBH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The deionised water was prepared using Aqual 25 (Aqual, Brno, Czech Republic) and was further purified using apparatus MilliQ Direct QUV equipped with the UV lamp (Merck Millipore, Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The pH of the solutions was measured using a pH meter WTW inoLab (WTW GmbH, Weilheim, Germany).

GK, a grade III non-edible gum waste (Figure S1), was collected from Girijan Co-operative Corporation, Hyderabad, India. Graphite with particle size < 50 μm was purchased from Merck. PtCl₄ (96%), sodium borohydride (98%), 4–nitrophenol (ReagentPlus > 99%) were procured from Sigma Aldrich. Sulfuric acid (96 wt%), hydrochloric acid (35 wt%), hydrogen peroxide (30 wt%), potassium permanganate, sodium nitrate was procured from Penta, Czech Republic. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ·cm⁻¹, ELGA, Veolia Water, Marlow, UK) was to carry out the experiments.

The synthetized zeolites were modified by the incorporation of ~1 wt.% of noble metals such as Au (III), Pt(VI), and Pd(II). The precursor salts were HAuCl₄·3H₂O (99.9%, Tetrahedron), Pd(CH₃COO)₂ (49%, Sigma Aldrich, Sant Louis, USA), and PtCl₄ (96%, Sigma Aldrich, Sant Louis, USA), respectively. They were incorporated in NH₄-ZSM-11 by the wet impregnation method. The procedure consisted of contacting an aqueous solution of the corresponding metal precursor with the zeolite in ammonium form (NH₄-ZSM-11). For bimetallic systems, the co-impregnation method was employed. Then, the samples were evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 80 °C and 30 rpm until complete dryness. Finally, the catalysts were dried at 100 °C overnight, and then exposed to thermal desorption under N₂ atmosphere and calcination treatment at 500 °C for 8 h, to remove organic residues of precursor salts.