Plasticware for cell culture

Telmisartan and losartan were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Fimasartan was a gift from Boryung Pharmaceuticals (Seoul, Korea). D-glucose, D-mannitol, GW9662, acetylcholine (ACh), phenylephrine (PE), sulfanilamide, N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine, okadaic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against eNOS, p-eNOS-Ser¹¹⁷⁹, p-eNOS-Thr⁴⁹⁷, and PP2Ac were purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY, USA). Antibodies against Akt, p-Akt-Ser⁴⁷³, AMPK, p-AMPK-Thr¹⁷² were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against p-eNOS-Ser¹¹⁶ and β-actin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. Minimum essential medium (MEM) and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) were obtained from Welgene Inc. (Gyeongsan, Korea). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics, trypsin–EDTA solution, and plasticware for cell culture were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). All other chemicals used were of the purest analytical grade available.

Telmisartan, losartan, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Fimasartan was a kind gift from Boryung Pharmaceuticals (Seoul, Korea). GW9662 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Compound C was purchased from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB protein was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, CO, USA). Antibodies against mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR-Ser²⁴⁴⁸, p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), p-p70S6K-Thr³⁸⁹, AMPK, p-AMPK-Thr¹⁷², acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and p-ACC-Ser⁷⁹ were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody against β-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, Canada). Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics, trypsin–EDTA solution, and plasticware for cell culture were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). All other chemicals used were of the purest analytical grade available.