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Citric acid

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Citric acid is a weak organic acid that naturally occurs in citrus fruits. It is commonly used in the food and beverage industry as a flavoring agent, preservative, and pH regulator. Citric acid has a wide range of applications in various industries, including pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical manufacturing.

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Lab products found in correlation

Acetic acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (3 mentions) Ethanol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (3 mentions) Ethylene glycol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (3 mentions) Malic acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (3 mentions) Lactic acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Humic acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Methanol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Tartaric acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Choline chloride, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Vitamin c, by Solarbio (2 mentions) Urea, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) 8 anilino 1 naphthalenesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Xylitol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Sinopharm (1 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Sinopharm (1 mentions) Manganese chloride tetrahydrate, by Sinopharm (1 mentions) Regulus 8100 scanning electron microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions) X ray photoelectron spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cu no3 2 3h2o, by Xilong (1 mentions)

30 protocols using citric acid

1

Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Protocol

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Main reagents: lithium hydroxide monohydrate, citric acid, tartaric acid, hydrogen peroxide (Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), manganese chloride tetrahydrate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and ammonia (Sinopharm chemical reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). In this study, the raw material was the fine particles obtained by the discharge, disassembling, crushing and screening of a waste lithium cobalt oxide-based battery whose surface binder and acetylene ash were removed by calcination. The experimental water was deionized water.
Main instruments: UV-26001 UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Company, Kyoto, Japan), Nicolet 380 Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), Regulus8100 Scanning electron Microscope ( HITACHI, Ibaraki, Japan), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (Thermo Fischer, Waltham, MA, USA), Optima 8000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (PERKINELMER, Waltham, MA, USA), Tube furnace.
Wang H., Chen G., Mo L., Wu G., Deng X, & Cui R. (2023). Recovery of Li and Co in Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide-Based Battery Using H1.6Mn1.6O4. Molecules, 28(9), 3737.
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2

Comprehensive Chemical Analysis Protocol

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Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, glucose monohydrate, 99% anhydrous sodium phosphate monohydrate, potassium hexacyanoferrate trihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ethanol, phosphoric acid, phenolphthalein indicator, high-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol, boric acid, lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide-monohydrate, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, octanoic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetate trihydrate, acetic acid, sodium chloride, ninhydrin crystal, phenol, and ascorbic acid were purchased from Guoyao Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). citric acid (≥99.5% purity), L-pyroglutamic acid (≥99% purity), lactic acid (≥99% purity), acetic acid (≥99% purity), succinic acid (≥99% purity), and malic acid (≥99% purity) were purchased from McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).
Ye X., Yu Y., Liu J., Zhu Y., Yu Z., Liu P., Wang Y, & Wang K. (2023). Inoculation strategies affect the physicochemical properties and flavor of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1126238.
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3

Synthesis of La1-xCexMn1-yCuO3 Catalysts

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The series of La1−xCexMn1−yCuyO3 (x = 0, 0.1, y = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) catalysts were synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method. The chemicals of La(NO3)3·6H2O (99%, Macklin, China), Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (99.95%, Macklin, China), Mn(NO3)2 (50 wt% aqueous solution, Macklin, China) and Cu(NO3)2·3H2O (99%, Xilong scientific, China) with specific ratios were dissolved in deionized water and mixed with magnetic stirrer. The citric acid (99.5%, Macklin, China) was used as a chelating agent and added into the above solution, where the mole ratio of citric acid to total metal ions was 1.2. Next, the solution was mixed at 90 °C in a magnetic stirrer until yellow viscous gel was formed. Then the gel was dried at 120 °C for 12 h at an oven, and the spongy precursor was obtained. After that, the precursor was ground and calcined at 700 °C for 5 h in a muffle furnace to form the perovskite structure. Additionally, the heating ramp rates of evaporation and calcination were 5 °C min−1 and 10 °C min−1, respectively. Finally, the samples were ground and sieved using a 40–60 mesh sieve for catalytic activity tests.
Zhang W., Xie K., Tang Y., Cheng S., Qing M., Xuan Y., Qin C., Dong M., Zhou Y, & Li J. (2022). Tuning the catalytic properties of La–Mn perovskite catalyst via variation of A- and B-sites: effect of Ce and Cu substitution on selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. RSC Advances, 12(35), 22881-22892.
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4

Radicals Formation Kinetics Study

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As (III)
and As (V) stock
solutions (1.0 g/L), peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5·0.5
KHSO4·0.5 K2SO4), and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) were purchased from J&K Chemical Company.
1,4-Benzoquinone (C6H4O2, BQ), tert-butyl alcohol (C4H10O, TBA),
ethanol (C2H6O, EtOH), humic acid (HA), copper
nitrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O), aluminum
nitrate (Al2(NO3)3·9H2O), and citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai,
China). Details of all reagents mentioned above are listed in Table S6. Stock solutions were always prepared
in ultrapure water produced by a Milli-Q system.
Liu F., Yang W., Li W, & Zhao G.C. (2021). Simultaneous Oxidation and Sequestration of Arsenic(III) from Aqueous Solution by Copper Aluminate with Peroxymonosulfate: A Fast and Efficient Heterogeneous Process. ACS Omega, 6(2), 1477-1487.
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5

Tahini-based Antimicrobial Formulations

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Tahini (fat 52.6%, protein 26% and carbohydrate 15.7%) was used in this study and the indigenous microbiota in tahini was less than 102 CFU/g, which did not interfere with the count of Salmonella cells grown on TSA. Diluted tahini (50% w/w) was prepared by adding sterilized water, simulating common edible methods at home or restaurant in the Chinese diet [6 (link)].
Essential oils (EOs, Jiangxi Global Natural Spice Co., Ltd., Jiangxi, China) including oregano, cinnamon, thyme, tea tree, eucalyptus, peppermint, garlic and turmeric oils were directly added into undiluted and diluted tahini, obtaining the concentration of 1–3%. ε-PL (BioDuly, Nanjing, China), tea-polyphenol (Macklin, Shanghai, China) and citric acid (CA, Huada, Guangdong, China) were dissolved or diluted to reach appropriate concentrations using sterilized water before adding to samples, obtaining the final concentration of 0.05–0.5% for organic acid and 0.05–0.4% for ε-PL or tea-polyphenol. The pH values of samples were measured at room temperature using a pH meter (PHS-25; INESA, Shanghai, China).
Xu Y., Guan X., Lin B., Li R, & Wang S. (2021). Oregano Oil, Epsilon-Polylysine and Citric Acid Assisted Inactivation of Salmonella in Two Kinds of Tahini during Thermal Treatment and Storage. Foods, 10(6), 1272.
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6

Facile Synthesis of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles

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Citric acid
(C6H8O7, AR grade), formamide (CH3NO, AR grade), acridine orange (C17H19N3, biotechnology grade), tetraethyl orthosilicate (C8H20O4Si, GC grade), ammonium hydroxide
solution (NH3·H2O, AR grade), triethylamine
(C6H15N, AR grade), glutaric anhydride (C5H6O3, 98%), sodium chloride (NaCl, AR
grade), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (C9H23NO3Si, 99%), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (C8H17N3·HCl, 98.5%), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (C4H5NO3, 99%)
were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Ethanol
anhydrous (C2H6O, AR grade), methanol (CH4O, AR grade), acetone (C3H6O, AR grade),
and toluene (C7H8, AR grade) were purchased
from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The other reagents used
were of AR grade without further purification, and ultrapure water
was used in all experiments. The miR-92a-3p, DNA probe, amino-modified
DNA (NH2-DNA) probe, and unmatched targets were purchased
from Shanghai Genepharma Co., Ltd. Their sequences are listed in Table S1 of the Supporting Information. The human
serum was isolated from the healthy sample from the Second Hospital
of Shandong University. The apparatus used are given in the Supporting Information.
Sun Z., Tong Y., Zhou X., Li J., Zhao L., Li H., Wang C., Du L, & Jiang Y. (2021). Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensor Based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer between Carbon Dots and Acridine Orange for miRNA Analysis. ACS Omega, 6(49), 34150-34159.
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7

Sustainable Textile-Based Functional Sensors

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PP SF was obtained from Hangzhou Elsite Industrial Co., Ltd (its areal density is about 71 g m−2). Aniline (99.5%), phytic acid (50%), polyvinyl butyraldehyde (PVB), citric acid, methanol, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4·12H2O), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were obtained from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China). Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) paste was bought from Shanghai Julong Electronic-technology Co., Ltd. Ecoflex was purchased from Smooth-On (U.S.A). Carbon conductive ink was purchased from Jiewei Screen Printing Co., Ltd (Shenzhen, China). OPU was purchased from Haobo Waterproof Material Co., Ltd. All materials were used as received without any further purification. The screen-printing mask was customized by Dabaicai Screen Printing Co., Ltd. Deionized water (DI) was employed in all experiments.
Zhu X., Sun H., Yu B., Xu L., Xiao H., Fu Z., Gao T, & Yang X. (2024). A flexible pH sensor based on polyaniline@oily polyurethane/polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven fabric. RSC Advances, 14(8), 5627-5637.
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8

Quantification of Organic Acids in Milk Vetch

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Acetic acid, citric acid, ellagic acid, tartaric acid, and propionic acid were purchased from MACKLIN® (Shanghai, China), with a purity of 99.7%, 99.5%, 99.5%, 95%, and 99.5%, respectively. Oxalic acid and succinic acid were purchased from Aladdin® (Shanghai, China), with a purity of 99% and 96%, respectively. Fumaric acid was purchased from OKA® (Beijing, China), with a purity of 95%. The above compounds at 0.01 g were accurately weighed, and the standard solutions at 0.01 mg ml−1 were prepared using H3PO4 (0.02 mol L−1; mobile phase) and were then filtered by 0.22-µm microporous membrane. All the decomposition leachates of milk vetch were filtered through filter paper and further filtered through the 0.22-µm microporous membrane and then analyzed by LC-SPD-20A with an HP-C18 (250 mm, 4.6 mm, and 5 µm) chromatographic column, with chromatographic conditions as follows: mobile phase was 100% H3PO4 (0.02 mol L−1); elution method: equal gradient elution; detection wavelength was 220 nm; column temperature was 37°C; injection volume was 10 µl; flow rate was 1.4 ml min−1. Data were processed on Origin 2018 (Originlab®). Acid fraction quantification was achieved by the absorbance recorded in the chromatograms relative to external standards using the following equation:
Liu S., Wang W., Chen J., Ma Z., Xiao Y., Chen Z., Zhang Y., Du X, & Mu Y. (2022). Weed suppression and antioxidant activity of Astragalus sinicus L. decomposition leachates. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1013443.
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9

Porcine Skin Gelatin Transglutaminase Protocol

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Commercial CNCs solution was supplied by Zhongshan NanoFC Bio Materials Co., Ltd. Commercial porcine skin gelatin (type A, 300 Bloom), dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) and cytotoxicity studies using Hela cells were purchased from Sigma Aldrich suppliers. Sodium hydrogen phosphate, citric acid, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was obtained from Yiming Biotechnology Company (>100 U g−1, Jiangsu Province, China). All other chemicals used in the present study were of analytical grade or of higher quality and available locally and all solutions were prepared with deionized water.
Dong Y., Zhao S., Lu W., Chen N., Zhu D, & Li Y. (2021). Preparation and characterization of enzymatically cross-linked gelatin/cellulose nanocrystal composite hydrogels. RSC Advances, 11(18), 10794-10803.
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10

Cantaloupe Contamination Detection Protocol

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γ-Cyclodextrin was purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai China). KOH and methanol were purchased from Tianjin Hengxing Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Tianjin, China). Cinnamaldehyde (CA; GC, > 98%) and citric acid were bought from Macklin Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Thiourea was purchased from Xilong Chemical Co. Ltd (Foshan, China). Luria-Bertani (LB) solid medium was purchased from Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). The violet red bile agar (VRBA) culture medium was purchased from Shanghai Shengsi Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All the other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and were used as received without further purification. Cantaloupes (Cucumis melon var. saccharins) were purchased at a local market in Xiangtan city on September 10th, 2021. Selected fruit was of uniform size and peel coloration. Non-woven bag (5.0 cm × 7.0 cm) were sealed by a vacuum sealer (14899, Deli, China). Escherichia coli strain ATCC: 25922 was kindly provided by the Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
Che J., Chen K., Song J., Tu Y., Reymick O.O., Chen X, & Tao N. (2022). Fabrication of γ-cyclodextrin-Based metal-organic frameworks as a carrier of cinnamaldehyde and its application in fresh-cut cantaloupes. Current Research in Food Science, 5, 2114-2124.
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