2 2 azoisobutyronitrile

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

2,2'-azoisobutyronitrile is a chemical compound used as a free radical initiator in various industrial and research applications. It functions by generating free radicals under specific conditions, which can then initiate or catalyze chemical reactions. The core function of this product is to serve as a source of free radicals for these purposes.

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Close spelling variants of this product

2,2′-Azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN, Azoisobutyronitrile

7 protocols using 2 2 azoisobutyronitrile

Branched Poly(ethylenimine) Functionalization

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Branched poly(ethylenimine)
(PEI, MW ∼
25 000), acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane,
tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2,2′azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein,
and n-decylamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Milwaukee, WI). Peptide 1 was synthesized and purified
as described previously.^{16 (link)} 2-Vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone
(VDMA) was generously provided by Dr. Steven M. Heilmann (3M Corporation,
Minneapolis, MN). Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA, MW ∼
20 700; PDI = 2.4) was synthesized by free radical polymerization
of VDMA in the presence of 7 wt % intentionally-added cyclic azlactone-functionalized
oligomers using a previously reported method.^{49 (link)}

Kratochvil M.J., Tal-Gan Y., Yang T., Blackwell H.E, & Lynn D.M. (2015). Nanoporous Superhydrophobic Coatings that Promote the Extended Release of Water-Labile Quorum Sensing Inhibitors and Enable Long-Term Modulation of Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 1(10), 1039-1049.

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Multivalent Mannose-Functionalized Nanoparticles

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4-Cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanol (CDSP, containing 15 wt % ethyl acetate as residual solvent), tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)₂, 95%), ε-caprolactone (ε-CL, 99%), concanavalin A (ConA, Type VI, lyophilized powder) lectin, mucin from porcine stomach (type II) and 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA), Doxorubicin (DOX) hydrochloric acid salt (DOX·HCl, 99%) was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). All other regents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Merck Chem. Co. (Darmstadt, Germany), and were used without further purification. Pentafluorophenyl acrylate (PFA) and 2-aminoethyl-α-d-mannopyranoside were synthesized according to the methods reported in the literature [18 (link),19 (link)].

Li N.N., Cai X.Y., Chen J.C., Hu X.F, & Xu L.Q. (2016). Conjugation of Lectin to Poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-glycopolymer Micelles for In Vitro Intravesical Drug Delivery. Polymers, 8(11), 379.

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Antimicrobial Coatings for Stainless Steel

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All chemicals including acetonitrile, methanol, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, tetraethoxysilane, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride (NaCl), 2, 2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), methylmethacrylate (MMA), N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP), acrylamide (AAM), methacrylic acid (MAA), Luria Broth (LB), and LB Broth with agar were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stainless steel microwires (SS-MWs, 125.3 ± 0.5 µm dia., Type 304, Product No.: 40944BZ, Thermo Scientific™, Waltham, MA, USA) were used as CIP coating substrates and electrodes in the microfluidic device. Bacteria strains including E. coli OP50, Sarcina lutea (#155420), and Listeria innocua (#33090) were obtained from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (University of Minnesota, USA), Carolina Biological Supply Company, (Burlington, NC, USA), and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Cheyenne, WY, USA), respectively.

Akhtarian S., Doostmohammadi A., Archonta D.E., Kraft G., Brar S.K, & Rezai P. (2023). Microfluidic Sensor Based on Cell-Imprinted Polymer-Coated Microwires for Conductometric Detection of Bacteria in Water. Biosensors, 13(10), 943.

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Hydrogel Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

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N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 2,2-azoisobutyronitrile were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and were recrystallized prior to use from methanol and hexane, respectively. Chitosan (molecular weight = 1.5 × 10⁵ Da) and 2-morpholinoethane sulfonic acid (MES) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were obtained from Acros Organics, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Geel, Belgium). Hyaluronic acid (HA) (molecular weight = 1.3 × 10⁶ Da) was obtained from Bloomage Freda Biopharm Co. (Jinan, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and fetal bovine serums (FBS, HyClone, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were prearranged for cell culture. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microparticles (0.5–1 mm particle size) contained 60% (w/w) of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and 40% (w/w) hydroxyapatite (HAP) were provided by Berkeley Advanced Biomaterials, Inc. (San Leandro, CA, USA). CellTiter AQueous One Solution Reagent for cell proliferation assay was supplied by Promega Life Sciences (Madison, WI, USA).

Liao H.T., Tsai M.J., Brahmayya M, & Chen J.P. (2018). Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Injectable Thermo-Gelling Hydrogel Scaffold Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 2537.

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Establishing Murine Breast Cancer Model

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1-Vinylimidazole (VIm), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylamide (AAm), 2, 2^'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), Hoechst 33342, IR780, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AET‧HCl), 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene) dimalonic acid (ABDA) and MTT were obtained from Sigma. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) carboxyl acid (mPEG-COOH, 5 kDa) was obtained from Yare Bio-Technology Co. Ltd. (China). DOX was obtained from Beijing Huafeng United Technology Co., Ltd. (China).
The protocol for animal experiments was approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University. In order to obtain mice bearing 4T1 tumors, approximately 1×10⁶ 4T1 cells (murine breast cancer cells) were inoculated subcutaneously into the flank of female balb/c mice (4 weeks old). The length and width of tumor were measured and the following formula was employed to calculate the tumor volume: volume = 0.5 × width² × length.

Yang Z., Cheng R., Zhao C., Sun N., Luo H., Chen Y., Liu Z., Li X., Liu J, & Tian Z. (2018). Thermo- and pH-dual responsive polymeric micelles with upper critical solution temperature behavior for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy against subcutaneous and metastatic breast tumors. Theranostics, 8(15), 4097-4115.

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Profenofos Pesticide Extraction Protocol

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Profenofos (with 98.6% purity), methacrylic acid (MAA, 99.0%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA, 97%) and 2,2-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents with analytical grade were received from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany) and utilized as received. Ultra-pure water was employed over the experiments after filtering through 0.22 mm Nylon membranes. 2000 mg/L stock solution of PFF was prepared by dissolving of suitable amount of the pesticides in 60:40 (v/v) acetonitrile/water. Daily solutions were prepared by proper dilution of the stock solution in doubly-distilled water.

Tamandani M., Hashemi S.H., Kaykhaii M., Jamali Keikha A, & Nasiriyan A. (2022). Determination of profenofos in seawater and foodstuff samples after its molecularly imprinted polymer pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction optimized by response surface methodology. BMC Chemistry, 16(1), 12.

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Diclofenac Sodium Hydrogel Formulation

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Diclofenac sodium salt (DC), methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), phenyl acetic acid (PAA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30), disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium acetate, acetic acid, and 3-[4,5-di-methyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
The functional monomer and the radical initiator were purified before use by a single-step passage through an alumina column and recrystallization in methanol, respectively.
All solvents were reagent or HPLC grade and purchased from VWR (Milan, Italy).
Strat-M^® membranes (25 mm discs, Cat. No. SKBM02560) were purchased by Merck Millipore.
Flexa Elast universal elastic bandage 5 cm × 4.5 m was purchased by Pic^®.
The EPISKIN™ RHE/L/13 human skin equivalent kit was obtained from SkinEthic Laboratories (Lyon, France).

Parisi O.I., Ruffo M., Scrivano L., Malivindi R., Vassallo A, & Puoci F. (2018). Smart Bandage Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for Diclofenac Controlled Release. Pharmaceuticals, 11(4), 92.

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