Lycopene

Manufactured by Extrasynthese

Sourced in France, Portugal

Lycopene is a carotenoid compound produced by Extrasynthese. It is a naturally occurring pigment found in certain fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, watermelons, and papayas. Lycopene is used as a reference standard for analytical and research purposes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Zeaxanthin, by Extrasynthese (11 mentions) Lutein, by Extrasynthese (10 mentions) β carotene, by Extrasynthese (10 mentions) β cryptoxanthin, by Extrasynthese (6 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Catechin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Hexane, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Rutin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Trolox, by Merck Group (4 mentions) β carotene, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 4 hydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Folin ciocalteu s reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium sorbate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) P coumaric, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Kaempferol, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions) C30 carotenoid column, by YMC (2 mentions) Canthaxanthin, by Avantor (2 mentions)

15 protocols using lycopene

Comprehensive Analytical Characterization of Food Compounds

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The ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) diammonium salt, potassium peroxodisulfate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, Trolox^®, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, methylglyoxal solution, L-arginine, hexane, 5-hydroxymethyl-L-furfural, BHT (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), (+)-catechin, rutin, quercetin, D-glucose, citric, L-ascorbic, oxalic, gallic and hydroxybenzoic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Switzerland). Acetone and trifluoroacetic acid were bought from Acros Organics (France). Methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Fine Chemicals (Netherlands), ethyl acetate from Alfa Aesar (Germany). Acetic and sulfuric acids were from Thermo Scientific (Germany). Lycopene, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin were bought from Extrasynthèse (France) and absolute ethanol from Alcosuisse (Switzerland). Fructose and saccharose were obtained from Merck (Germany).
Folin and Ciocaulteu reagent, sodium dihydrogen phosphate mono-hydrate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous and sodium azide were purchased from Chempur (Poland), BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) from Pol-Aura (Poland). The pectinase Pectinex Ultra SP-L was obtained from Novozymes (Denmark).
Deionized water (Milli-Q purification system, BlancLabo, Switzerland) was used for chromatography.
All reagents used were of analytical grade or higher. All solvents were of HPLC grade.

Hendrysiak A., Brzezowska J., Nicolet N., Bocquel D., Andlauer W, & Michalska-Ciechanowska A. (2023). Juice Powders from Rosehip (Rosa canina L.): Physical, Chemical, and Antiglycation Properties. Molecules, 28(4), 1674.

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Carotenoid and Fatty Acid Analysis

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Reagents and solvents used in extractions and sample preparation were of analytical, HPLC or LC/MS grade and were purchased from Merck Life Science (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Carotenoid standards, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) standard (37 component FAME Mix, SUPELCO, catalog No: 47885-U) was purchased from Supelco Inc. (Bellefonte, PA, USA).

Pintea A., Dulf F.V., Bunea A., Socaci S.A., Pop E.A., Opriță V.A., Giuffrida D., Cacciola F., Bartolomeo G, & Mondello L. (2020). Carotenoids, Fatty Acids, and Volatile Compounds in Apricot Cultivars from Romania—A Chemometric Approach. Antioxidants, 9(7), 562.

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Extraction and Isolation of Carotenoids

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Chemicals and reagents were obtained from VWR International (Milan, Italy) and Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (Milan, Italy). Lycopene and β-carotene were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay-France). Acarbose was purchased from Serva (Heidelberg, Germany).

Sicari V., Romeo R., Mincione A., Santacaterina S., Tundis R, & Loizzo M.R. (2023). Ciabatta Bread Incorporating Goji (Lycium barbarum L.): A New Potential Functional Product with Impact on Human Health. Foods, 12(3), 566.

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Carotenoid Quantification in Plasma Samples

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Plasma samples of 200 μL were mixed with 10 μL 8-apocarotenal in ethanol [0.0001% (w/v), (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA)] as internal standard, 1 mL ethanol containing 0.01% (w/v) butylhydroxytoluene, and 4 mL hexane:dichloromethane [4:1 (v/v)]. The extraction process was repeated if the plasma samples contained precipitated material. After stirring and centrifugation, the supernatants rich in carotenoids were collected and kept in liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, the samples were evaporated to dryness and the residues were re-dissolved in 200 μL hexane:acetone:ethanol:toluene [10:7:6:7 (v/v/v/v)] solution and filtered through a 0.22-μm filter for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. A C30 carotenoid column [S5 μm, 250 × 2.0 mm I.D. (YMC, Wilmington, NC, USA)] was used at 30 °C, and the SPD-M10 vp diode array detector (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) was set at 460 nm. Carotenoids {[lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene (cis- and trans-isomers)], Extrasynthese, Genay, France} were quantified by determining peak areas in the HPLC chromatograms, calibrated against known standards.

Nakamura A., Itaki C., Saito A., Yonezawa T., Aizawa K., Hirai A., Suganuma H., Miura T., Mariya Y, & Haghdoost S. (2017). Possible benefits of tomato juice consumption: a pilot study on irradiated human lymphocytes from healthy donors. Nutrition Journal, 16, 27.

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Quantification of Carotenoids in Samples

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The quantification of carotenoids (Structure: Supplementary Figure S2) was performed as previously described [42 (link)]. Standards were used for standard calibration curves using lycopene (ExtraSynthese, Genay, France), β-carotene (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA), canthaxanthin (VWR, Darmstadt, Germany), echinenone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA), adonirubin (CaroteNature, Münsingen, Switzerland), 3-hydroxyechinenone (CaroteNature, Münsingen, Switzerland) and astaxanthin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA).

Seeger J., Wendisch V.F, & Henke N.A. (2023). Extraction and Purification of Highly Active Astaxanthin from Corynebacterium glutamicum Fermentation Broth. Marine Drugs, 21(10), 530.

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Comprehensive Carotenoid and Vitamin Analysis

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Retinyl acetate, β-carotene, α-carotene, vitamin D₃ (> 95% pure), deuterated vitamin D₃, 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD), phytic acid, DMACA, vanillin, iron III, pancreatin, ammonium thiocyanate, catechins, α-amylase, pepsin, bile, ferric chloride and sodium carbonate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Lutein, lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene were purchased from Extrasynthèse (Genay, France). Soyasaponin I was generously supplied by Stéphane Georgé, CTCPA Avignon. Canned tomato pulp, red bell peppers and Isio4 oil (Lesieur, Asnières, France) were purchased from a local supermarket (Marseille, France). Methanol, acetonitrile, hexane, dichloromethane, methyl-tert-butylether, acetone, ethanol absolute anhydrous, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, hydrogen peroxide were purchased from CarloErba Reagents (Peypin, France).

Alvarado-Ramos K., Bravo-Nunez Á., Halimi C., Maillot M., Icard-Vernière C., Forti C., Preite C., Ferrari L., Sala T., Losa A., Cominelli E., Sparvoli F., Camilli E., Lisciani S., Marconi S., Georgé S., Mouquet-Rivier C., Kunert K, & Reboul E. (2024). Improving the antinutritional profiles of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) moderately impacts carotenoid bioaccessibility but not mineral solubility. Scientific Reports, 14, 11908.

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Aqueous Lycopene-Cyclodextrin Complexation

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In order to avoid the use of organic solvents, lycopene (Extrasynthese, Genay, France, with a purity ≥ 98%, UV assay) was solubilized by complexation with dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD, degree of substitution: 1.8) which was a generous gift from Wacker (Stuttgart, Germany). Aqueous solutions of lycopene complexed with CD (1 : 4 molar ratio) were prepared under aseptic conditions within concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μM from a concentrated lycopene solution previously stirred with CD during approximately 48 h and sonicated 30 min (before use), always protected from light and air. lycopene solutions were always freshly prepared under light and air protection and stored at −20°C (except the pure lycopene standard, stored at −70°C). The osmolarity of the sample containing the highest lycopene concentration was determined using an automatic osmometer (Knauer, Berlin, Germany).
When nonspecified, all higher grade reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water obtained in a MILLI-Q System from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).

Ascenso A., Pedrosa T., Pinho S., Pinho F., de Oliveira J.M., Cabral Marques H., Oliveira H., Simões S, & Santos C. (2015). The Effect of Lycopene Preexposure on UV-B-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 8214631.

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Carotenoid Determination and Antioxidant Assays

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Reagents of chromatographic purity obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA. Darmstadt, Germany) and ethyl alcohol of LC-MS-grade obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) were used for this research. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, Na-l-Ascorbate, p-Anisidine, potassium hydroxide, ethyl acetate, methanol, glacial acetic acid, and potassium iodide were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA. Darmstadt, Germany). Carotenoid standards (β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). All spectrophotometric measurements were performed on an Analytik Jena Specord 200 Plus (Jena, Germany) spectrophotometer.

Ghendov-Mosanu A., Popovici V., Constantinescu (Pop) C.G., Deseatnicova O., Siminiuc R., Subotin I., Druta R., Pintea A., Socaciu C, & Sturza R. (2023). Stabilization of Sunflower Oil with Biologically Active Compounds from Berries. Molecules, 28(8), 3596.

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Bioactive Compounds Extraction and Antioxidant Assays

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The 2, 20-azo-bis-(2-methylpropionamidine)-dihydrochloride (AAPH), fluorescein, 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS diammonium salt), potassium sorbate, sodium carbonate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sintra, Portugal). Hexane, ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, and potassium persulfate were purchased from Merck (Algés, Portugal). Standards of ascorbic acid, Trolox, gallic acid, rutin, p-coumaric, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sintra, Portugal), while kaempferol, β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin, and lutein (Extrasynthese, France) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France).

Coelho M.C., Ghalamara S., Campos D., Ribeiro T.B., Pereira R., Rodrigues A.S., Teixeira J.A, & Pintado M. (2023). Tomato Processing By-Products Valorisation through Ohmic Heating Approach. Foods, 12(4), 818.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Assays

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The 2,20-azo-bis-(2-methylpropionamidine)-dihydrochloride (AAPH), fluorescein, 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS diammonium salt), potassium sorbate, sodium carbonate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium sulfite, and sodium lauryl sulfate, lipopolysaccharide from O111:B4, and Esherichia coli were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sintra, Portugal). Hexane, ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, and potassium persulfate were purchased from Merck (Algés, Portugal). The enzymes α-amylase, pepsin, from porcine stomach mucosa pepsin A 250 UI/mg, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, and bile salts (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany). The fetal bovine serum, RPMI 1640, glutamine, Pen/Strep (Gibco, New York, NY, USA), ELISAs from Biolegend, CA, USA. Standards of ascorbic acid, Trolox, gallic acid, rutin, p-coumaric, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sintra, Portugal), while kaempferol, β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin, and lutein (Extrasynthese, Lyon, France) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France).

Coelho M., Oliveira C., Coscueta E.R., Fernandes J., Pereira R.N., Teixeira J.A., Rodrigues A.S, & Pintado M.E. (2022). Bioactivity and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds in Gastrointestinal Digestion of Tomato Bagasse Extracts. Foods, 11(7), 1064.

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