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11 protocols using potassium

1

Characterization of Pluronic and POPC Compounds

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Pluronics F68, F108, F87, F127, P103, P104, P105, L35, P65 and P84 were provided by BASF. Ethylene oxide (EO, ≥ 99.5%), propylene oxide (PO, ≥ 99%), methoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol (methoxy-PEO, 2000 g/mol), potassium tert-butoxide, n-butyllithium, potassium, naphthalene, and 18-crown-6 ether for anionic polymerization were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received, unless otherwise noted. PEO-8 (8000 g/mol) was purchased from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA). 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC, PC (16:0–18:1 PC)) in chloroform was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) and used as received. Silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA, ≥ 98%) for MALDI characterization were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deuterium oxide (D2O, 99.9 atom % D) and chloroform-d (CDCl3, 99.8 atom % D + 0.05% V/V TMS) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.
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2

Potassium Acquisition and Purity

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Potassium was bought from Sigma-Aldrich Co. and used as received (99.99% purity).
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3

Formulation and Characterization of Paclitaxel-Loaded Nanoparticles

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Paclitaxel, Potassium, dihydrogen phosphate, Tween®-80, and Sodium lauryl sulphate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (London, UK). Curcumin, Dichloromethane, Ethanol, and Sodium alginate were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Germany). Compritol ATO 888 and Stearic acid were purchased from Gattefosse (Lyon, France). MEthanol, Isoflurane, Sodium chloride, Sodium hydroxide, and Hydrochloric acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Henan, China).
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Pluronic Surfactants

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Pluronics F68, P84, P103, P105, F108, and F127 were provided by BASF. Ethylene oxide (EO, ≥99.5%), propylene oxide (PO, ≥99%), potassium, naphthalene, potassium tert-butoxide, n-butyllithium, 18-crown-6 ether, sodium chloride (NaCl, ≥99.0%), silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA), and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (≥98%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. POPC and POPG in chloroform were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) and used as received. Deuterium oxide (D2O, 99.9 atom % D) and chloroform-d (CDCl3, 99.8 atom % D + 0.05% V/V TMS) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. Ultrapure water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm was obtained from a Millipore Direct Q-3 water system (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA).
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5

Alginate Microcapsules Characterization

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In this experimental study, sodium alginate, potassium
and calcium chlorides were procured from Sigma
Aldrich, UK. The chemicals were used without further
purification. The particle size and surface morphology of
the microcapsules were examined by Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) (Fig .1A, B).
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6

Cell Culture Materials and Reagents

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Acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-hexane, and deuterated chloroform were obtained from the branch of Merck in Taiwan. Antibiotics (penicillin-streptomycin), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), glutamine, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY, USA). Indomethacin, N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), potassium, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium nitrite, sulphanilamide, and phosphoric acid were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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7

Metallic Ion Synthesis and Characterization

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All metallic ions (i.e. Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and potassium) were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Chloroauric acid (AuCl3·HCl·4H2O), Sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was bought from Changchun Dingguo Reagent Co., Ltd. (Jilin, China). Peptide CCYWDAHRDY was purchased from GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were analytical reagent grade and used directly without further purification. Distilled water was used throughout the experiment.
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8

Synthesis of Pyrene-Based Organic Semiconductors

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Dichloromethane (DCM), toluene, n-hexane, ethyl malonyl chloride, malonyl chloride, 1-pyrenemethanol, 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde, sarcosine, iodine, sodium and potassium were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Poland (Poznań, Poland). 1,8-Diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU), and silica gel 70–230 mesh were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). C60 and C70 fullerenes were purchased from Nano-C (Westwood, MA, USA). Triethylamine, n-pentane and ethyl acetate were purchased from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Toluene was dried over sodium and benzophenone. Other solvents were ACS grade and were used as received. PTB7, PC60BM, PC70BM, PEDOT:PSS (in AL 4083 water solution) and ITO 8 pixel glass substrates were purchased from Ossila (Sheffield, UK).
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9

Anionic Polymerization of Pluronic Copolymers

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Pluronics F68, F127, and P103 were provided by BASF. The materials used for anionic polymerization, including ethylene oxide (EO, ≥99.5%), propylene oxide (PO, ≥99%), potassium tert-butoxide, n-butyllithium, naphthalene, potassium, and 18-crown-6 ether, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. 1Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) in chloroform were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) and used as received. Cholesterol (≥99%) and the chemicals used for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) characterization, including silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA, ≥98%), were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deuterium oxide (D2O, 99.9 atom % D) and chloroform-d (CDCl3, 99.8 atom % D + 0.05% v/v tetramethylsilane) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.
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10

Antioxidant Assay Protocol

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Sodium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium, persulfate, polyvinyl polypyrrolidine (PVPP), sodium nitrite, trichloroacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, safranin, and fast green were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Solvents used are purchased from HiMedia and all reagents were used without further purification.
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