The aqueous phase diameter, size and zeta potential of PLGA NPs and PLGA + PC were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS unit (Nano ZS 90, Malvern, UK) with He–Ne laser (λ = 633 nm) at a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C. A drop of PLGA or PLGA + PC NPs solution at a concentration of 100 µg/mL was dropped onto a copper mesh (200 mesh), and air-dried naturally. Then stained by 2 % phosphotungstic acid for 3 min, air-drying. Subsequently, the morphology of PLGA NPs and PLGA + PC were visually observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, Zeiss Germany, Optima 75 KV) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM, Thermo Scientific, USA) [33 (link)].
Zetasizer nano zs unit nano zs 90
Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Zetasizer Nano ZS unit is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for the measurement of particle size, zeta potential, and molecular weight. It utilizes dynamic light scattering (DLS) technology to determine the size of particles and molecules in the nanometer to micrometer range. The Zetasizer Nano ZS can also measure the zeta potential, which provides information about the surface charge of particles and is important for understanding their stability and behavior in various applications.
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5 protocols using zetasizer nano zs unit nano zs 90
1
Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticles
2
Characterization of Nanoparticle Sizes and Zeta Potentials
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The size, size distribution and zeta potentials of RAPNPs, MM vesicles and MM/RAPNPs were determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS unit (Nano ZS 90, Malvern, U.K.) with a He-Ne laser (λ = 633 nm) at a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C. A drop of NP solution at a concentration of 100 μg/mL was deposited onto a glow-discharged carbon-coated grid and stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Subsequently, the morphologies of the RAPNPs and MM/RAPNPs were visually observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 200 kV (JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan).
3
Characterization of LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs and TCS@PLGA-NPs
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The size and zeta potential of LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs, TCS@PLGA-NPs, and L. acidophilus envelope fragments were determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS unit (Nano ZS 90, Malvern, UK) with a He–Ne laser (λ = 633 nm) at a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C. The stability of TCS@PLGA-NPs and LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs was assessed by measuring the size variation of nanoparticles in PBS at 4 °C over 2 days. The morphology of TCS@PLGA-NPs and LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs was visually observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 200 kV (JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan).
4
Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles
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The structure of PCD was characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy using a Bruker Avance spectrometer (AVII-400; Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) at 400 MHz, DMSO-d6 and methanol-d4 (1:1, v/v) was used as the solvent. The hydrodynamic diameters and zeta potentials were measured by a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS unit (Nano ZS 90, Malvern, UK). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, LIBRA 200 FE, Zeiss, Germany) at 200 kV was used to determine the morphology of RNPs, MM/RNPs and degraded PCD NPs. To make the TEM sample, a drop of the NPs solution at a concentration of 150 µg/ml was deposited onto a copper mesh and stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. To investigate the ROS responsiveness, PCD NPs were, respectively, incubated with different concentrations of H2O2, hydroxyl radical (•OH) and hypochlorite (ClO−) for 2 h, followed by the measurement of hydrodynamic sizes by DLS. Additionally, PCD NPs solutions were incubated with and without the addition of 1 mM H2O2. The color changes during incubation were documented by digital photos at different time intervals. The morphology of degraded NPs was examined by TEM.
5
Characterization of Lipid Vesicle Properties
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The size and zeta potential of BPC, PC S and PC SV vesicles were determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS unit (Nano ZS 90, Malvern, UK) with a He-Ne laser (λ = 633 nm) at a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C. A drop of BPC, PC S or PC SV solution was dropped onto a copper mesh, and stained by 1% phosphotungstic acid. Subsequently, the morphology of BPC, PC S and PC SV solution were visually observed using a transmission electron microscope at 200 kV (TEM, JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan).
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