(AIBN; molar mass (M): 164.21 g mol–1), 4-cyano-4-(thiobenzoylthio)pentanoic
acid (M: 279.38 g mol–1), methacrylic acid (MAA;
M: 86.09 g mol–1), methyl methacrylate (MMA; M:
100.12 g mol–1), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), dopamine hydrochloride (M: 189.64 g mol–1), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (M: 121.14 g mol–1), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d6 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht,
the Netherlands). Titanium grade 5 wires (Ti6Al4V) with a 1 mm diameter
and an average RMS surface roughness value of 2 μm were purchased
from SELFAN Fine + Metal GmbH (Köln, Germany). Altuglas PMMA
granules were acquired from Resinex (Deventer, the Netherlands). Toluene,
acetone, 2-propanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF) were obtained from VWR (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). All chemicals
were used as received, with the exception of AIBN, which was crystallized
from methanol prior to use.