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6 protocols using socs2

1

Signaling Protein Expression Analysis

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Western blot analysis and intracellular flow cytometry was performed as in (19 (link)) using antibodies to STAT3, phospho-STAT3, phospho-STAT5 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), STAT5a, STAT5b, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) or GAPDH (EMD Millipore).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Renal Tissue

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Following deparaffinization and hydration, 4 μm-thick renal cortical tissue sections were treated with 3% H2O2 for 10 minutes to inactivate endogenous enzymes. After incubation with appropriate primary antibodies (αSMA, E-cadherin, SOCS2, F4/80, TLR4, IGF1, and CD68 [Abcam, Cam-bridge, UK]) overnight at 4°C, the sections were incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat antirabbit or goat antimouse polyclonal antibody for 30 minutes at room temperature. The sections were then counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated, cleared, and mounted with mounting solution. Ten fields were observed at 400× magnification with the Leica microscope. F4/80+ or CD68+ cells number and the positive integrated optical density value of each field were calculated and analyzed with Image-Pro Plus, and the mean values were compared among the experimental groups.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Macrophage Markers

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Cells or exosomes were collected and lysed in Laemmli buffer (Sigma, USA). The protein concentration was determined with BCA Protein Assay kit (Beyotime). Protein lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto NC filter membrane (Millipore). Then the NC filter membrane was subsequently incubated with the primary antibody: iNOS (Abcam), Arg1 (Abcam), p-STAT1 (Abcam), p-STAT6 (Abcam), STAT1 (Abcam), STAT6 (Abcam), SOCS2 (Abcam), PKM2 (Cell Signaling Technology, CST, Danvers, MA, USA), HIF-1α (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), β-actin (Abcam). β-actin was used as a control. After incubation with secondary antibodies and ECL (enhanced chemiluminescence, Millipore), the protein bands were captured by Bio-Rad ChemiDoc Touch Imaging System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Quantitative analysis of protein bands was conducted with ImageJ software.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Dendritic Cells

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Western blot analysis of skin draining LN migDC and cDC. Mice were treated every other day by intraperitonial injection of 10ng recombinant human Flt3L for twelve days prior to LN digestion and FACS sorting. For western blot analysis of protein levels in DCs following in vitro culture, Flt3L derived BMDCs were generated by culture of total bone marrow cells supplemented with 100ng/ml Flt3L for 7 days. Cultures were harvested at 0 hr or treated with 200ng/mL of IFNγ for 24 hr or 48 hr. Western blotting was conducted with the follow antibodies: SOCS2, Abcam; β–actin (AC-15), Sigma. Cells were lysed in modified RIPA buffer containing 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 1% NP-40,150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM Na3VO4, and protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Life Technologies). Protein lysates were quantified using protein assay dye reagent (Bio-Rad). Equal amounts of proteins were separated by precast Tris-HCl SDS-polyacrylamide gel (Lonza), transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham), and incubated with primary antibodies in 1× TBS-T containing 5% non-fat dry milk overnight at 4°C. After washing the membranes in 1× TBS-T, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 hr at RT, binding of the primary antibodies were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence substrate (Life Technologies).
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5

Quantitative Protein Analysis in Samples

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Total proteins in serum, tissues and cells were evaluated by bicinchoninic acid kits (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). The extracted proteins that had been denatured by high temperature were mixed with loading buffer, boiled at 95 °C for 10 min, conducted with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto the polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. After fixed with 5% bovine serum albumin (10-L16, Beijing Zhongshenglikang Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), the membranes were appended with primary antibodies SOCS2 (1: 300, Abcam Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA) and GAPDH (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), and the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1: 5000; ab6721, Abcam). Next, the membranes were developed by enhanced chemiluminescent reagent and exposed in a dark room. GAPDH was taken as the internal reference and the data were analyzed by the Bio-Rad Image Lab system (GEL DOC EZ IMAGER, Bio-rad, CA, USA). Gray values of the protein bands were analyzed by the Image J software.
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6

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Total protein was extracted from cells or tissues by using RIPA buffer (Solarbio, Beijing, China). The concentration of protein samples was assessed by a Pierce BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA). Equal amount of 30 μg protein samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfonate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and transferred onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Then, the membrane was blocked in the non-fat milk for 2 h at room temperature and probed with primary antibodies against E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, SOCS2, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT5, p-STAT5 and GAPDH (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) at 4 °C overnight. After incubation with goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody (Abcam) at 37 °C for 2 h, the protein signaling was visualized via eyoECL plus kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The original data for western blots were presented in Additional file 2.
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