Normapur, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), both GPR
Rectapur, and acetonitrile (ACN) HiPerSolv Chromanorm for HPLC–CAD–MS
analysis were obtained from VWR (Vienna, Austria). Formic acid (purity
>98.0%) and conc. ammonia (24%) were purchased from Gatt-Koller
(Absam,
Austria). Water, for extraction and phytochemical analysis, was deionized
and distilled. Betulinic acid (purity 95%), corosolic acid (purity
90%), maslinic acid (purity 89%), oleanolic acid (purity 94%) and
ursolic acid (purity 94%), cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside
(purity 99%), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (purity 88%),
delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (purity 87%), malvidin-3-O-glucoside (purity 99%), peonidin-3-O-glucoside
(purity 94%), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside (purity
99%) were provided from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), hyperoside
(purity 99%), and rutin (purity 99%) from Extrasynthèse (Lyon,
France), and palmitic acid (purity 99%) and linoleic acid (purity
99%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).